JOURNAL ARTICLE SUMMARY GUIDE

Thi s handout is not int ended to replace ins tructor’s direct ions. If th e directi ons dif fer fro m th ose of your inst ruct or,

ple ase do as your ins tructor ask s.

THIS DOCUMEN T IS INTENDED TO AID S TUDENTS WRI TING SUMM ARIES OF PE ER-RE VIEWED STUD IES I N THE SOCIAL

SCIENC ES. I T MAY N OT W ORK WEL L FO R LITER ATUR E RE VIEWS, META -ANALYS ES, OR STUD IES IN OT HER FIELDS.

Su mm ar ie s, li ke a bstra ct s, f ollo w th e str uc tu re of t he orig in al ar ti cl e: I ntro du ct ion (a nd B ackgr ou nd ),

Met ho ds , Re su lt s, and D is cu ssi on . They fr eq ue ntly r eq uire a n AP A citat io n. Summ ar ie s ge ne ra ll y do n ot

mak e use o f di rect q uo te s.

DI R E C TION S : T o co mp os e yo ur s um mary , fo llow pro mp ts 1 - 6 .

Use t he qu es ti on s a ft er e ach p ro mpt to g ui de y our wr it ing.

T O SUMMA RIZE THE INTROD UCTIO N & B ACKGROU ND SECT ION

1. Sta te t he r es ea rc h q ue st ion.

To d o this, a sk & a ns we r: W hat we re the re se arch er s tr yin g to dis co ve r or un de rsta nd ?

2. Not e wh y th e re se arche r th ough t th e top ic w as wo rt h in ve st ig at ing .

To d o this, a sk & a ns we r: W hy w as t he r es ea rc h n ec es sary ? W hy i s th e re se arch r el ev ant

at t hi s ti me ? Wh at ga p in kno wl ed ge o r u nd er st and in g we re t he r es earc he rs t ryin g to

fi ll ?

3. Sta te t he h yp ot he si s o r hy po these s te st ed i f gi ven.

To d o this, a sk & a ns we r: W hat re su lt (s) di d th e re se ar cher s an ticip at e or exp ec t?

TO SUMMAR IZE T HE METH ODS SECTIO N

4. Des cr ib e the m et ho ds us ed to te st t he hy po th esis or t o se ek an an sw er to t he res ea rc h que st io n.

To d o this, a sk & a ns wer: W hat di d th e re se ar ch ers do t o test t he h ypot he si s or to t ry t o

fi nd t he a ns we r to the r es earch q ue st ion ? CO NS IDER TH E POIN TS B EL OW

a. Dis cu ss the pa rt icip an ts and w ha t th ey ex pe ri ence d.

To d o this, a sk & a ns we r: W ho w er e th e pa rt ic ipan ts o r wh o w as e nroll ed i n th e st ud y?

Ho w we re th e pa rt icip an ts sele ct ed ? What d id t he p ar ti ci pan ts e xp eri en ce ( tr eatm en t,

co nd it io ns, in te rv ent io n, e tc.)? Wh at w ere th e ma jor st ep s or t he p r oced u r e of t he

ex pe ri ment/s tu dy ?

b. St at e wh at in fo rm atio n wa s gat he re d and how t ha t in fo rm at ion wa s co llec te d.

To d o this, a sk & an sw er : Wh at d at a or in fo rm at io n wa s reco rd ed or co ll ected ? Wh at

mat e r ials (e .g . su rv ey s, in te rv iews ) an d/ or appa ra tu se s (E .G . co mput er s) were u se d to

co ll ec t th e da ta ?

c. Ind ic at e ho w th e coll ec te d da ta w as an al yz ed .

To d o this, a sk & a ns we r: W hat me th od of a na ly sis w as u sed to d et er mi ne whet he r the

re su lt s wer e si gn ific an t?

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This handout is not intended to replace instructor’s directions. If the directions differ from those of your instructor, please do as your instructor asks.

THIS DOCUMENT IS INTENDED TO AID STUDENTS WRITING SUMMARIES OF PEER-REVIEWED STUDIES IN THE SOCIAL

SCIENCES. IT MAY NOT WORK WELL FOR LITERATURE REVIEWS, META-ANALYSES, OR STUDIES IN OTHER FIELDS.

Sum m aries , like ab stra c ts , follo w th e s t ructure of th e or igin a l art ic le: I ntroduct ion ( and B ack g r ound), Method s, Re sults , and D isc us sion. The y frequ e ntly requ ire an A P A c it a tion. Summ aries ge nera l ly do not m ake u se of dir ect quo t es. DI R EC TI ON S : To co mpo se you r su m ma ry, fol lo w pro mpt s 1 - 6. U s e th e qu e st ion s a f te r ea ch pr o mpt t o g uid e yo ur wri tin g. TO SUMMARIZE THE INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND SECTION

Stat e th e r e sear ch qu e stion. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : Wha t we r e th e re sea r che r s t ryin g t o di sco ver or und er s tand?
Note why th e re sea rc he r thou ght th e top ic wa s wo rth in ve sti gat ing. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : Why wa s th e r e sear ch ne ce ssary? Why i s th e r e sear ch r e le vant at th is ti m e? What gap i n kno wl ed g e or und er st andin g w er e th e re sea rc her s try ing to fi ll?
Stat e th e hypo the s i s o r hypoth e s e s t e st ed i f gi ven. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : Wha t r e sul t ( s ) d id th e re sea rch e r s ant ic ipat e or exp e ct? TO SUMMARIZE THE METHODS SECTION
De scr ib e t h e m eth od s u sed t o t e st t he hypoth e sis or to se ek an an sw er to th e r e sea rch qu es tio n. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : Wha t did th e r e sea rc her s do t o t e st th e hypo the sis or to t ry t o find th e an sw er to the r e sear ch qu e st ion? C ONS IDE R THE POIN TS BEL O W a. Di scu ss th e pa rt ic ipant s and what th ey exp er i en ced. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : Who w e re th e par ticipants or wh o wa s enr o l l ed in th e stu dy? How we r e th e pa rt ic ipa nts se le ct ed? What did t he pa rt ic ipant s e xp eri en ce (t r eat m ent, cond iti on s, in t er vent ion , et c. )? What w er e th e maj or st ep s or th e proc edure o f th e exp e ri m ent / study? b. Stat e wh at inf or mat ion wa s gath e re d and ho w t hat in fo r mat ion wa s co ll ec te d. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : Wha t dat a or in fo r ma tion wa s r ec ord ed o r col le ct ed? What mater ia ls (e .g. sur vey s, int er vi e w s ) and /o r appa ratu s e s (E. G. co mpu te r s) we r e u s ed t o col l ect th e da ta? c. Indi cat e ho w th e c ol le ct ed da ta wa s ana lyz ed. To do this , a sk & an sw e r: Wha t me thod of ana ly si s w a s u sed to d et er mi ne wh eth er th e re su lt s w er e sign if ic ant?

This handout is not intended to replace instructor’s directions. If the directions differ from those of your instructor, please do as your instructor asks.

TO SUMMARIZE THE RESULTS SECTION

De scr ib e th e re su lt s and indi cat e wh et he r th ey w er e si gn if ic ant. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : a. What w er e th e majo r fi nding s or d i sc o ve ri e s of the study o r exp e ri m en t? b. Did th e r e sul t s suppo rt the r ese arc he r s’ hyp oth e si s or hyp oth e se s? c. Did th e r e sul t s sug g e st an an sw er t o th e re sea r ch qu e st ion a nd i f so , w hat wa s that an sw er? TO SUMMARIZE THE DISCUSSION SECTION
Exp la in th e str eng th s an d w eak ne sse s o f th e stu dy and th e key i mp li cat i ons and a ppl ica tio ns o f the re su lt s. To do this , a sk & an sw e r : a. Ar e r e su lt s con si sten t w ith p re viou s st udi e s o r do th ey su gg e st som et hi ng di f f er ent? b. What st r eng th s do t h e r e sear ch er s se e in ho w t hei r study wa s c ondu ct e d? c. What w eak ne sse s d o th e r e sea rch er s se e in ho w th e ir st udy wa s condu ct ed? d. What d o th e re sea rch e r s say can b e don e w ith wha t th ey ha ve l earn ed fro m th e study?  Do th e r e se ar che r s su gg e s t a ch ang e in po li cy o r pra cti c e? e. Do th e r e se ar che r s i ndi c ate that m or e r e sea rch shou ld b e d on e, i f so, in wha t are a( s)? APA JOURNAL ARTICLE CITATION

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