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Kin 2YY3 Flashcards 104 complete
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Visceral layer - ANSWER Cover the organs
Parietal layer? - ANSWER lines the walls of body cavity
peritoneal cavity - ANSWER Space containing serous fluid
what are the 5 major peritoneal folds? - ANSWER 1. greater omentum
- falciform ligament
- lesser omentum
- mesentery
- mesocolon
Greater omentum? - ANSWER Fatty apron, Drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine
Falciform? - ANSWER liver to anterior wall
Lesser omentum? - ANSWER stomach and duodenum to liver
Messentery? - ANSWER small intestine to posterior wall
Mesocolon? - ANSWER transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior wall, carries blood and lymph vessels to the small intestine
Retroperitoneal? - ANSWER kidneys, acsending and descending colon and pancreas
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Hard palate? - ANSWER roof of the mouth (Bony) (1)
Soft palate? - ANSWER Muscular part that forms the rest of the mouth's roof (B)
Uvula? - ANSWER prevents food from entering the nasal cavity
cheek? - ANSWER forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity
- contains buccinator muscles
Molars? - ANSWER grind food
Pre molars? - ANSWER crush and grind food
Canines - ANSWER Tear food
Incisors - ANSWER cut food
Oral vestibule? - ANSWER area between the teeth and lips/cheeks
Superior lip and inferior lip? - ANSWER lifted upwards and pulled down
Superior labial Frenulum? - ANSWER attaches superior lip to gum
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Styloglossus? - ANSWER retracts and elevates tongue
Palatoglossus? - ANSWER Push tongue towards soft palate during swallowing
Genioglossus? - ANSWER Mandible to underside surface of the tongue
- Contracting, causes depression of the tongue
Hyoglossus - ANSWER Depress tongue, attaches to hyoid bone
-Bring down sides of tongue in oral cavity
Two types of secrete saliva into the oral cavity? - ANSWER 1. Glands within the mucus membranes of the oral cavity
- Glands outside the mouth- empty their contents into ducts which deliver saliva into the oral cavity
Glands within Mucus membrane of the oral cavity? - ANSWER 4 glands
Labial- Lips
Buccal- Cheeks
Palatal- palate
Lingual- Tongue
3 pairs of glands outside of the mouth? - ANSWER Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
parotid gland - ANSWER Inferior and anterior to ear, superficial to the masseter
Sublingual gland - ANSWER Superior to submandibular glands, open into floor of the mouth
Lesser sublingual ducts - ANSWER open into the floor of the mouth in the oral cavity proper
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Saliva? - ANSWER - 99.5 %
- 0.5 % solutes, lysozyme, IgA
Salivary amylase-digestive enzyme- starch
Function? - ANSWER - Dissolves food for tasting- initiate digestive reactions
-Mucous-lubricates food
- Cl- activates salivary amylase
- HCO3- buffer acidic foods
What increases salivation? - ANSWER Parasympathetic stimulation
-Facial and glossopharyngeal stimulate the salivary glands to increase productions
What decrease salivation? - ANSWER Reduced salivation
-Sympathetic stimulation
-Dry mouth and stimulate our thirst sensation
Types of digestion in the mouth? - ANSWER chemical and mechanical
What are the two types chemical digestion? - ANSWER Salivary Amylase & Lingual Lipase
Salivary amylase? - ANSWER Begins starch digestion (polysaccharides and disaccharides)
-When swallowed, stomach acids deactivate it
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Lower esophageal sphincter? - ANSWER Is smooth muscle
-Movement of bolus will allow it to enter into the stomach
Adventitia? - ANSWER Areolar Connective tissue
- Connects esophagus to other structures in the mediastinum
Deglutition 3 stage? - ANSWER 1. Voluntary stage
- bolus is pushed into the oropharynx
- Involuntary, Pharyngeal stage (involuntary)
- Sensory nerves send signals to deglutition centre in brainstem
- Soft palate is lifted to close nasopharynx
-Larynx is lifted and epiglottis is bent over to cover glottis
- Esophageal stage: Bolus enters esophagus
-Upper sphnicter relaxes when larynx is lifted
Peristalsis - ANSWER Pushes food down
-Circular fibres behind bolus
-Longitudinal fibres in front of bolus shorten the distance of travel
what is the travel time? - ANSWER 4-8 seconds for solids and 1 second for liquids
-Lower sphincter relaxes as food approaches
Greater curvature? - ANSWER convex lateral surface
Lesser curvature - ANSWER Concave medial surface
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Fundus? - ANSWER Top of uterus
-Holding area of bolus
-Does not come into contact with acidic juices
Cardia? - ANSWER area around the opening of the esophagus
Ruggae of mucosa - ANSWER Allows for expansion of stomach as we fill with food
- Ridges allow for stretch of stomach wall
Duodenum? - ANSWER first portion of the small intestine
pyloric sphincter - ANSWER Controls movement of fluids into stomach and into small intestine
Pyloric Canal? - ANSWER Leads towards small intestine
Body has three layers in the stomach? - ANSWER circular, longitudinal, oblique layer
Functions of the stomach? - ANSWER 1. Mixes saliva, food, and gastric juice to form chyme.
- Serves as reservoir for food before release into small intestine.
- Secretes gastric juice, which contains HCl (kills bacteria and denatures proteins), pepsin (begins the digestion of proteins), intrinsic factor (aids absorption of vitamin B12), and gastric lipase (aids digestion of triglycerides).
- Secretes gastrin into blood.
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Mechanical Digestion? - ANSWER Fundus- storage- Up to 1 hour- Salivary
-Peristaltic waves (every 15-25 sec)
-Pyloric sphincter- slightly open
- Body mixing (propulsion and retropropulsion)
-Chyme
HCL? - ANSWER denatures proteins kills microbes
pepsinogen - ANSWER activated by HCL- protects against autodigestion
Pepsin? - ANSWER digests proteins (very active in low pH areas of stomach)
Gastric lipase? - ANSWER limited role in the stomach
Acini - ANSWER Exocrine-secretes pancreatic juice
Alpha cell? - ANSWER Secretes glucagon
Beta cell? - ANSWER Endocrine secretes insulin
what does pancreatic juice contain? - ANSWER water, enzymes, sodium bicarbonate
Pancreatic amylase? - ANSWER Breaks down Starch
Pancreatic lipase - ANSWER Breaks down Fats
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Proteases? - ANSWER Breaks down proteins
Trypsinogen? - ANSWER Activated by enteriokinase (a brush border enzyme) to form trypsin-activates the other enzyme
chymotrysinogen - ANSWER Becomes chymotrypsin
procarboxypeptidase - ANSWER converted to carboxypeptidase by trypsin
Proelastase? - ANSWER becomes elastase
Ribonuclease - ANSWER To digests RNA into nucleic acids
Deoxyribonuclease? - ANSWER To digest DNA into nucleic acids
what are the functions of the liver? - ANSWER Bile production
storage
detoxification
phagocytosis
activates vitamin D
Metabolism of Cho, Fats and proteins
which lobe in the liver is larger? - ANSWER Right
What is the histology of the Gall bladder? - ANSWER simple columnar epithelium
-No submucosa
- A layer of smooth muscle with fibres in all directions
Serosa or visceral peritoneum
