Kingdom Protista
Chapter 20
General Characteristics of Protists:
• ALL Eukaryotes that cannot be classified as a
plant, animal, or fungus.
• They have a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles;
• some are autotrophic, some are
heterotrophic;
• some are multicellular, most are unicellular.
They are classified by the way they
__________________________.
Three kinds of protists
• Animal-like (__________________________)
• Plant-like (______________________________)
• Fungus-like (_____________________________)
Animal-like Protists
• Called Protozoans- meaning
“___________________________________”
•Examples:
–Zooflagellates
– Sarcodines
– Ciliates
–Sporozoans
Protozoans
• these are “Animal-like” protists that consume their
food (heterotrophs)
• Unicellular
• characterized by modes of locomotion (how they
move)
– ___________________________
– ___________________________
– ___________________________
Zooflagellates
• Characteristics: ____________________________
(one or two)
• Reproduction: mostly asexual by mitosis, some sexual
reproduction- produce gametes that fuse
• Role/Function:
–Mostly free swimming
– Some are parasites
– Trypanosoma causes African Sleeping Sickness,
Giardia causes diarrhea
– Termites have a zooflagellate living inside them that
helps them digest wood
Trichomonas
nucleus
flagella
Zooflagellates
Sarcodines
• Characteristics: _____________________________
- extensions of cytoplasm
• Reproduction: asexually by mitosis
• Role/Function:
– free-swimming in aquatic environments
–Amebic dysentery (diarrhea)
Ameba proteus
Pseudopod
Pseudopod
Nucleus
Nucleus
Ciliates
• Characteristics:
– _________________________________________
________________________________________
– Have a macronucleus (active nucleus) and
micronucleus (reserve copy)
• Reproduction: asexually by mitosis, can exchange
material through conjugation (Figure 20-6 in book)
• Role/Function: free-living
Paramecium
Ciliates
Macronucleus
Micronucleus
Cilia
Sporozoans
• Characteristics: __________________________________
• Reproduction: complex reproduction with two phases- a
sexual phase and asexual phase inside two different
organisms!
• Role/Function:
– Parasitic
– Malaria is caused by the
sporozoan Plasmodium
Plant-like (Algae)
• Unicellular
–Euglenophyta
– Chrysophyta
– Bacilliarophyta
(Diatoms)
– Pyrrophyta
(Dinoflagellates)
• Multicellular
–Rhodophyta
–Phaeophyta
– Chlorophyta
Unicellular Algae
• (describe their ecology/uses):
– autotrophic, capture sunlight with chlorophyll and
other accessory pigments to make food
– base of many aquatic food chains
•Example: phytoplankton- floating
photosynthetic organisms
Euglenophyta
• Characteristics: ____________________________
__________________________________________
• Reproduction: asexually by mitosis
• Role/Function:
–free-swimming
– can absorb material for food- recycling sewage
– can lead to algal blooms choking
waters of nutrients
