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Lab 10 Non-Destructive Testing Methods Study Guide 2025/2026 PDF, Exams of Advanced Education

University of Houston (UH)Advanced Education

Lab 10 Non-Destructive Testing Methods Study Guide 2025/2026 PDF

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 04/24/2026

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LAB 10: NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
METHODS
1.
What is Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)?
*Answer* A group of test methods used to determine if a
machine component or structure
contains flaws without damaging or destroying it.
2.
How does NDT differ from destructive testing?
*Answer* NDT detects flaws without damaging the
component, while destructive tests destroy the
component to reveal flaws.
3.
What are the two main categories of NDT uses?
*Answer*
Quality control of manufactured products
and evaluation of machines or structures already
in service.
4.
What is the purpose of NDT in quality control?
*Answer* To detect flaws before the manufactured
article is put into service, allowing faulty parts
to be discarded.
5.
What is the purpose of NDT in maintenance?
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1 /

LAB 10 : NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

METHODS

  1. What is Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)? Answer A group of test methods used to determine if a machine component or structure contains flaws without damaging or destroying it.
  2. How does NDT differ from destructive testing? Answer NDT detects flaws without damaging the component, while destructive tests destroy the component to reveal flaws.
  3. What are the two main categories of NDT uses? Answer Quality control of manufactured products and evaluation of machines or structures already in service.
  4. What is the purpose of NDT in quality control? Answer To detect flaws before the manufactured article is put into service, allowing faulty parts to be discarded.
  5. What is the purpose of NDT in maintenance?

2 / Answer To detect problems like corrosion or fatigue cracks before catastrophic failure occurs.

  1. What are inherent material defects? Answer Defects introduced during the initial production of the material, such as casting defects.
  2. What are processing defects? Answer Defects introduced during the manufacture of the component, such as forging seams and welding defects.
  3. What are service defects? Answer Defects created after the part has been placed into service, such as fatigue cracks and corrosion damage.
  4. What is Liquid Penetrant Inspection (LPI)? Answer A method used to detect surface defects in all non-porous materials by applying a dye that penetrates flaws.
  5. What is Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)? Answer A method used to detect surface flaws in ferromagnetic materials by magnetizing the part and applying magnetic powder.

4 /

  1. What is the importance of interpreting defect indications? Answer To decide whether a defect is serious enough to warrant rejection of the component.
  2. What types of materials can be tested with Liquid Penetrant Inspection? Answer All non-porous materials.
  3. What types of materials can be tested with Magnetic Particle Inspection? Answer - Ferromagnetic materials.
  4. What is the main advantage of NDT over destructive testing? Answer NDT allows for the examination of 100% of parts without destroying them.
  5. What is the consequence of not having clear acceptance criteria for NDT?- Answer The NDT specialist must document flaws for a qualified engineer to make decisions on acceptance or repair.
  6. What is a common application of ultrasonic testing? Answer Detecting internal defects in materials, such as welds or structural components.

5 /

  1. What is the role of experience in NDT? Answer While tests can be performed by unskilled personnel, interpreting results requires extensive experience.
  2. What is a potential limitation of NDT methods? Answer They may not detect all types of defects, and interpretation of results can be complex.
  3. What is the purpose of NDT in evaluating machines in service? Answer To monitor for flaws that develop during use, preventing unexpected failures.
  4. What is the significance of scheduling repairs based on NDT results? Answer It allows for maintenance to be performed at convenient times, reducing unnecessary replacements.
  5. What principle does Ultrasonic Testing (U/T) operate on? Answer U/T operates on the principle that sound waves of ultrasonic frequencies are reflected at flaws.
  6. What is the typical frequency range used for Ultrasonic Testing of metals? Answer 1

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  1. What is the function of the angle beam transducer in Ultrasonic Testing? Answer It generates shear waves in the material, useful for testing long plates or diflcult access areas.
  2. What is the frequency range for testing concrete and wood poles? Answer 25 - 100 KHz.
  3. What is Radiographic Testing (R/T)? Answer A method that uses X-rays or gamma rays to create a shadow picture of the part under examination.
  4. How does a radiograph indicate defects in a material? Answer Defects appear dark on the film, while denser areas that absorb X-rays appear light.
  5. What are common radioactive isotopes used in Radiographic Testing? Answer Cobalt 60 and Iridium 192.
  6. What factors influence the exposure time in Radiographic Testing? Answer Strength of the radiation source, thickness of the material, radiographic density, source-to-film distance, and speed of the film.
  7. What is the typical penetration capability of Cobalt 60 in steel?

8 / Answer Cobalt 60 can penetrate up to 9 inches of steel.

  1. What is the main advantage of using high frequencies in Ultrasonic Test- ing? Answer High frequencies detect small flaws but have lower penetrating power.
  2. What is the disadvantage of using low frequencies in Ultrasonic Testing? Answer Low frequencies penetrate deeply but do not detect small flaws.
  3. What is Eddy Current Testing? Answer A method where a coil carrying high frequency alternating current is placed near a metal part to detect flaws.
  4. What is the significance of the source-to-film distance in Radiographic Testing? Answer It attects the strength and quality of the radiographic image produced.
  5. What type of materials can be tested with frequencies of 200 KHz - 1. MHz? Answer Castings of gray iron, nodular iron, and relatively coarse-structured materials such as copper and

10 /

  1. What is the typical exposure time for small aluminum parts in Radiographic Testing? Answer A few minutes.
  2. What is the typical exposure time for larger steel castings in Radiographic Testing? Answer Many hours.
  3. What is the purpose of using a light-tight envelope in Radiographic Test- ing? Answer To protect the photographic film from light exposure during the testing process.
  4. What is the effect of inclusions and large grain boundaries on high frequen- cy sound waves? Answer They can scatter the sound waves, reducing detection capability.
  5. What is the main purpose of Non-Destructive Testing? Answer To detect flaws in materials without causing damage to the parts being tested.
  6. What is the principle behind Eddy Current Testing?

11 / Answer Eddy Current Testing uses a coil carrying high frequency alternating current to induce a magnetic field in a metal part, generating eddy currents that are attected by flaws.

  1. What happens to eddy currents when a flaw is present in the test materi- al? Answer Eddy currents are altered near a flaw, resulting in a change in the impedance of the coil.
  2. What types of materials can Eddy Current Testing be applied to? Answer Eddy Current Testing works only for electrical conductors.
  3. What does a change in coil reading indicate in Eddy Current Testing? Answer A change in coil reading indicates a ditterence in the internal structure of the test material compared to a standard unflawed piece.
  4. What are some common applications of Eddy Current Testing? Answer Common ap- plications include detecting fatigue cracking around rivet holes in aircraft skins and sorting materials based on composition.
  5. How can Eddy Current Testing be used for thickness measurement?

13 /

  1. What are the advantages of using Eddy Current Testing? Answer Advantages include fast testing, high sensitivity, portability, and the ability to create custom probes.
  2. What is the significance of 'lift-off' in Eddy Current Testing? Answer 'Lift-ott' refers to the distance between the probe and the surface, which can attect the accuracy of measurements.
  3. What is the typical equipment used in Eddy Current Testing? Answer Typical equipment includes a coil, an impedance measuring device, and sometimes custom probes for specific geometries.
  4. What is the role of skilled operators in Eddy Current Testing? Answer Interpretation of results requires highly-skilled operators, especially for complex shapes.
  5. What types of defects can Eddy Current Testing detect? Answer Eddy Current Testing can detect surface defects and internal flaws, but it does not specify the type of defect.
  6. What is the cost consideration for Eddy Current Testing?

14 / Answer While Eddy Current Testing is relatively inexpensive, the equipment can be costly, and skilled operators are needed.

  1. Can Eddy Current Testing be automated? Answer Yes, Eddy Current Testing can be automated, especially for routine inspections.
  2. What is the difference between a single winding coil and a dual winding coil in Eddy Current Testing? Answer A single winding coil measures overall impedance, while a dual winding coil uses one winding as a transmitter and the other as a receiver.
  3. What is the significance of the meter deflection in Eddy Current Testing? Answer - Meter deflection indicates a deviation from the normal reading but does not specify the defect type.
  4. What is the effect of material composition on Eddy Current Testing re- sults? Answer Materials with ditterences in composition or heat treatment will show distinctive ditterences in eddy current response.
  5. What is one disadvantage of Eddy Current Testing?

16 /

  1. What is the primary limitation of Eddy Current Testing regarding defect types? Answer Eddy Current Testing does not provide absolute information about the nature of any detected flaw.
  2. What is the significance of using a custom probe in Eddy Current Testing? Answer - Custom probes allow for testing of specific geometries, such as turbine blades, enhancing the method's applicability.