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ADVANCED ELECTRONICS SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research
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The main idea of this laboratory report is about Digital Signal Processing (DSP). DSP is the numerical manipulation of signals to modify or improve it. A microcontroller designed
This stores the information to be processed and works hand in hand with program memory. After that, Program Memory. This stores the programs, or tasks, that the DSP will use to process, compress, or manipulate data. Lastly, I/O. This can be used for various things, depending on the field DSP is being used for, as such external ports, serial ports, timers, and connecting to the outside world.
1.3 Code Composer Studio Software
This lab is focused on the usage of Code Composer Studio (CCS) and C6713 DSK board. CCS is an integrated development environment to incorporate the software tools. CCS includes tools for code generation such as C compiler, an assembler and a linker. CCS comprises a suite of tools used to develop and debug embedded applications. It includes a C or C++ compiler, project build environment, debugger, profiler, and many other features.
1.4 Layout and Functions Of C6713 DSK Board
The C6713 DSK board contains a digital signal processor and a 16-bit stereo codec for analog signal input and output. The internal program memory is structured so that a total of 8 instructions can be fetched every cycle. The C6713 is capable of both fixed and floating point processing. DSP Starter Kit (DSK) uses USB communication for plug and play functionality. Instruments that are needed to use DSK are CCS, C6713 board, USB cable that connect the board to a pc. A 5V power supply for the DSK board and an IBM-compatible PC.
The TMS320C6713 DSP Starter Kit (DSK) developed jointly with Spectrum Digital is a low- cost development platform designed to speed the development of high precision applications based on TI´s TMS320C6000 floating point DSP generation. The kit uses USB communications for true plug-and-play functionality. Both experienced and novice designers can get started immediately with innovative product designs with the DSK´s full featured Code Composer Studio™ IDE and eXpressDSP™ Software which includes DSP/ BIOS and Reference Frameworks.
The C6713 DSK tools includes the latest fast simulators from TI and access to the Analysis Toolkit via Update Advisor which features the Cache Analysis tool and Multi-Event Profiler. Using Cache Analysis developers improve the performance of their application by optimizing
cache usage. By providing a graphical view of the on-chip cache activity over time the user can quickly determine if their code is using the on-chip cache to get peak performance.
The C6713 DSK allows you to download and step through code quickly and uses Real Time Data Exchange (RTDX™) for improved Host and Target communications. The DSK includes the Fast Run Time Support libraries and utilities such as Flashburn to program flash, Update Advisor to download tools, utilities and software and a power on self test and diagnostic utility to ensure the DSK is operating correctly.
The medium for C6713 DSK to communicate with CCS and outside world is a PC. By using a PC, CCs software is installed in the computer in order to program the C6713 board. The board is then connected to an oscilloscope to communicate with the outside world. Both connection required USB cable in order for input and output process.
The DSK features the TMS320C6713 DSP, a 225 MHz device delivering up to 1800 million instructions per second (MIPs) and 1350 MFLOPS. This DSP generation is designed for applications that require high precision accuracy. The C6713 is based on the TMS320C6000 DSP platform designed to needs of high-performing high-precision applications such as pro-audio, medical and diagnostic. Other hardware features of the TMS320C6713 DSK board include Embedded JTAG support via USB,High-quality 24-bit stereo codec,Four 3.5mm audio jacks for microphone, line in, speaker and line out,512K words of Flash and 16 MB SDRAM,Expansion port connector for plug-in modules,On-board standard IEEE JTAG interface,+5V universal power supply. The layout is shown in Figure 1.1 Layout of C6713 DSK board.
2.1 Setup of the Board This step is necessary to ensure that all connections to the board are set up accordingly. There is a USB which connects computer and the DSK board. This USB connection is important so that the DSP board can be program by using the computer. In the computer we have Diagnostic test, CCStudio software and view the results which are sliders. CCStudio is used to program the board by adding source and library files to the project. The Diagnostic test tool is needed to know whether the connection between DSP board and computer have been established successfully. We also connect 12V DC power supply to the DSP board. We connect the handphone and DSP board by using audio jack. This connection (handphone and DSP board) is important because we play an input music from our phone and it will goes into the DSP board and goes out to the speaker. The line output will connect DSP board and the amplifier box. So, in the amplifier box we have an amplifier and a speaker. This is the most crucial connection in order to hear the output sound and music. The setup connection can be seen in Figure 2.1 (Block Diagram of DSP board connection).
(line out)
(USB) DSP BOARD (line in of DSK)
(Audio Jack) HANDPHONE Figure 2.1 (Block Diagram of DSP board connection)
2.2 Quick Tests of the DSK board
(line in amplier)
CCStudio Slider
First step in these lab and experiment is to carry out a quick test on the DSP Starter Kit (DSK) board. Connect the DSK board to the AC power supply and to the USB port of computer. Open 6416DSK Diagnostics software on the computer. A power on self-test (POST) program which is stored by default in the onboard flash memory will uses routines from the board support library (BSL) to test the DSK board. Click on Start button to start the test on the DSK board. As in Figure 2.2a (Before run Diagnostic Test), the Diagnostic Status state that the test is a FAIL. The reason to this FAIL may be as stated in the Diagnostic Results box which are improper connection to the power supply and the USB cable or it can not run if Code Composer or Diagnostic already running.
As in the Figure 2.2b (After run Diagnostic Test), the Diagnostic Status shows a PASS sign. The only thing that our group do is changing the connection of the USB port and wait a little longer for the computer to detect the connection. If USB enumeration process take place and all four LEDs blink three times and stop (with all LEDs on), then it is the sign that the test will result in success. This test the internal, external, and flash memory, two multichannel buffered serial ports (McBSP), DMA, the onboard codec and the LEDs. A 1kHz tone is generated for 1 second and can be hear by connecting an earphone to the port on the DSK board.
Figure 2.3b: List of Important Source and Library Files
2.4 Creating a New Project
Select Project tab and create a new project. Type in the project name and location. Change Target to TMS320C67XX as shown in Figure 2.4 (Create New Project).
Figure 2.4: Create New Project
2.5 Adding Source Files and Library Files
Source files and Library files are added to the project as shown in the Figure 2.5 (Adding Source and Library Files). List of all necessary files can be found from step 2.3 Open completed project. After all files are added, we need to Scan All File Dependencies.
Figure 2.5: Adding Source and Library Files
2.6 Configure Build Options
After addition of files is completed, select Project then clicked on Build Options. Set the following setting as shown in Figure 2.6a (Basic Build Option), Figure 2.6b (Advanced Build Option), Figure 2.6c (Preprocessor Build Option), Figure 2.6d (Linker Basic Build Option) and Figure 2.6e (Linker Advanced Build Option). Click OK then ensure that when the build is complete, it shows no errors as shown in Figure 2.6f (After Rebuild All).
Figure 2.6a: Basic Build Option Figure 2.6b: Advanced Build Option
Figure 2.6f: After Rebuild All
2.7 Connecting the DSK, Load Program and Load GEL file.
To connect the DSK board, we clicked on Debug tab and select connect as shown in Figure 2.7a (Connecting the DSK). Next, select File tab and select Load Program. Select the file gEQ.out_ as shown in Figure 2.7b (Load programme). Then, select File tab and select Load GEL, open the file name graphicEQ.gel as shown in Figure 2.7c (Load GEL file)
.
Figure 2.7a: Connecting the DSK Figure 2.7b: Load programme
Figure 2.7c: Load GEL file
2.8 Run Project and Slider
The project is Run by clicking on the Debug tab as shown in Figure 2.8a (Run project). Then, slider bass, middle and treble will popped up by selecting GEL and can be found in equalize option as shown in Figure 2.8b (Adding Base, Middle and Treble sliders).
Figure 2.8a: Run project
As can be seen in Figure 3.0, this is basically what the program will show as the result from Graphic Equalizer project. After Rebuild All the gEQ_.pjt file, click on Debug option and select Connect. Make sure to have the DSK board connected to the computer, to a speaker and also to have an audio jack connected from the board to any source of audio such as a smartphone or a computer. Then, after gel file was loaded, click on GEL tab and enable these three, Bass, Middle and Treble slider. If the project successful, we can edit and change the sound equalizer by using the slider either by increasing or decreasing the slider.
When the Bass slider is drag up to increase the bass, listener will hear and feel that the ‘deep- feeling’ low thumping sound of the music. This is because bass is a tones of low ( or deep ) frequency, pitch.
When the Middle slider is drag up, it will make the music sound more nasal or hollow sounding. Middle or midrange is the domain of the most melody of a song and the lead instruments. This will brings out vocals, lead guitar single notes, and fills out chords. Decrease the midrange of a music will make it sound lifeless and sound thin.
Treble slider make the music sound too bright and brassy, hard on ears if increased but too little of treble will make it sound dull and muffled. Basically, treble is tones whose frequency or range is at higher end of human hearing and is called ‘high notes’ in music. Treble sound is the counterpart to bass sound.
Figure 3.0 : Slider use to Change the sound
4.1 Analysis of Results We set up the connection between the DSP board, handphone and a speaker. After that we ran the Diagnostic test to make sure the board is connected to the computer. We opened up CCStudio to start doing DSP programming. Before started doing the project, we are required to select one project among the examples of completed project. We found out that not all projects can be done because some of the files could not be found. We chose graphic equalizer instead. Then, we just add every source and library files listed in example graphic equalizer project and started to create our new project graphic equalizer. After all files were successfully added, we run and heard the output sound from speaker. Lastly, we adjust the slider by increasing and decreasing bass, middle and treble sliders to investigate the effects of adjusting the sliders. Bass can be edit within the range from 16-256 Hz and Middle have range from 250-2kHz while Treble have range from 2.048 kHz-16.384 kHz. The results and graph of our analysis are shown in Table 4.1 (Analysis of Results) and in Graph 4.1 (Amplitude against Frequency of Base, Middle and Treble). After all these steps are implemented, it shows that our second project is successful.
Amplitude Bass Slider (Output sound)
Middle Slider (Output sound)
Treble Slider (Output sound) 0 No Drum sound is heard
Sound Thin Sound Dull
5 Sound of drum partially heard
Partially Hollow Partially Brassy
10 The sound of drum is fully heard
Sound Hollow Sound Bright and Brassy
Table 4.1: Analysis of Results
Graph 4.1: Amplitude against Frequency of Base, Middle and Treble
Base
connected to the PC. The solutions that we took was to reconnect the USB to PC again. If it is still not working, we change the PC because it may be caused by the USB port of the desktop is malfunction. The last step that we took was to change the DSP board and the USB cable. We need to run the diagnostic test again in order to get ‘PASS’ as shown in Figure 4.2.2b (Pass Diagnostic Test).
Figure 4.2.2a: Fail Diagnostic Test Figure 4.2.2b: Pass Diagnostic Test
4.2.3 Lack of library files in example completed project
When we tried to rebuild the project, there are errors regarding the library files. After doing try and error in adding files, we found out that in the step 2.3. Open Completed Project , there are several files are not shown in the Libraries subfolder. There are two library files are lost which is csl6713.lib and dsk6713bsl.lib. We conclude that these files is needed as they are needed when completing project 1, Introduction to DSP Programming.
4.2.4 Cannot hear any output from speaker
After done connecting and running the programme, output should be heard but in our case, we could not hear any sound. After checking all the connections for several times, we still cannot hear any output from the speaker. We made an hypothesis that the audio jack is not functioning. Then, we asked for a new audio jack from the lab assistant and tried it. At last, we can hear the output music from the speaker.
4.2.5 Too many Include Files after scanning all file dependencies
We had a problem after scanning all file dependencies. Our includes files was more than 5 files compared to the example of completed project in step 2.3 Open Completed Project as shown in Figure 4.2.5a. We decided to compare the number of include files that we have with our friend Clementino’s group. Their number of include files were little compared to us. Both of our groups tried to run the project and got the same result without any error. Then we tried to hear the output and both of our groups heard the output. We concluded that number of include files may varies according to the computer that we are using while doing the project. The important thing is to have the necessary include files in order to run the programme.
