Completing the Square: Finding the Vertex and Intercepts of a Parabola, Lab Reports of Elementary Mathematics

Step-by-step instructions on how to complete the square of a quadratic equation to find the vertex and intercepts. It includes examples with different shape factors and guides the reader through the process of balancing the equation, factoring perfect squares, and determining the vertex, axis of symmetry, y-intercept, and x-intercepts.

Typology: Lab Reports

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/18/2009

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Complete the Square Worksheet
First let’s do one that has a shape factor of 1
5x4x)x(f
2
Put the first two terms inside parentheses and leave a space:
5)x4x()x(f
2
take “b” the coefficient of the x term, divide it by 2 and square the result. Put this in the
parentheses:
5)4x4x()x(f
2
Now, you’ve added 4 to right hand side of the equation…so to rebalance the equation,
add 4 to the right hand side.
45)4x4x()x(f
2
Now, the terms in the parentheses are a perfect square:
9)2x()x(f
2
The parabola was shifted left 2 and pulled down 9.
The vertex is a ( 2, 9) Recall:
k)hx()x(f
2
You have to put in “” to replace the “+” in the parentheses and a homemade + sign in
between the squared term and the number 9 to get the correct (h, k).
What are the x and y intercepts:
The y intercept is the point with x = 0…f(0)= (
59)20
2
. ( 0, 5)
The x intercepts have a y value of 0….
x1or5
2x3
)2x(9
9)2x(0
2
2
(5, 0) and ( 1, 0)
Now you do one:
pf3
pf4

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Complete the Square Worksheet

First let’s do one that has a shape factor of 1

f (x)x^2  4 x 5

Put the first two terms inside parentheses and leave a space:

f (x)(x^2  4 x ) 5

take “b” the coefficient of the x term, divide it by 2 and square the result. Put this in the

parentheses:

f (x)(x^2  4 x 4 ) 5

Now, you’ve added 4 to right hand side of the equation…so to rebalance the equation,

add 4 to the right hand side.

f (x)(x^2  4 x 4 ) 5  4

Now, the terms in the parentheses are a perfect square:

f (x)(x 2 )^2  9

The parabola was shifted left 2 and pulled down 9.

The vertex is a ( 2, 9) Recall: f^ (x) (x h) k

 ^2 

You have to put in “” to replace the “+” in the parentheses and a homemade + sign in

between the squared term and the number 9 to get the correct (h, k).

What are the x and y intercepts:

The y intercept is the point with x = 0…f(0)= ( 0 2 )^95

The x intercepts have a y value of 0….

5 or 1 x 3 x 2 9 (x 2 ) 0 (x 2 ) 9 2 2          

(5, 0) and ( 1, 0)

Now you do one: f^ (x) x^6 x^2

^2  

[ you should find it shifted left 3 and down 11)

The shape factor is often different from 1. Let me show you one of those:

[skinnied by 4, left 2, down 9]

Bring these to MathLab and have me (or any tutor) check them if you have any questions

at all. If you want more problems to try, email me!