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Experiment Laboratory Weighing
INTRODUCTION
A thorough knowledge and care of the balances used in the laboratory is essential. Many
weighings are rough and require the top-loading balance. However, semimicro quantities must be
weighed using an analytical balance.
IMPORTANT RULES FOR WEIGHING:
Do not handle objects to be weighed with bare hands. Use tongs, paper towels, or gloves. There are no gloves available, so you will use paper towels for handling objects.
Never weigh chemicals directly in contact with the balance pan; use vessels, weighing paper or filter paper.
Do not weigh hot or cold objects on the balance. Hot objects will give erroneously lower readings due to air buoyancy, while cold objects will give higher readings due to the condensation of water vapor.
Never spill chemicals inside the analytical balance enclosure. If you spill chemicals on the top loading balance, clean it immediately. Keep weighing chamber and weighing pan clean.
Do not overload the balance. The usual maximum capacity for the analytical balance is 110 g.
Always CARE for the balance.
Before using the balance, ensure that the pan is clean. If it is dirty report it to your instructor. Then brush the pan down with a special brush.
Ensure that the bubble in the Level Indicator is centralized while the balance is “OFF”. Your instructor may need to adjust the Leveling Feet.
WHICH BALANCE TO USE?
IT DEPENDS ON THE ACCURACY YOU NEED IN THE EXPERIMENT.
- Most experiments tell you how much accuracy you will need. Never use the analytical balance if the top- loading will do.
2) If you need to weigh to the nearest milligram ( + 0.001 g) or to the tenth of a milligram
( + 0.0001 g), then use the analytical balance, otherwise, use the top-loader.
3) If the instructions say weigh accurately about 2 grams of sample” use the analytical balance. The clue
is the word ”accurately”.
WEIGHING BY DIFFERENCE TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEM OF LACK OF CALIBRATION OF THE
BALANCE
Balances should be calibrated regularly especially if they are moved from their location, or after a large variation in temperature, humidity, or atmospheric pressure.
How accurate are your balance readings? There is no way for you to know. In order to overcome the problem of inaccurate readings due to lack of calibration or miscalibration, chemists designed a method
called WEIGHING BY DIFFERENCE. It takes into account the high probability that a balance may be “off “ by several grams or a fraction of a gram. It does not matter how far off your balance is if you
weigh by difference.
Suppose a beaker containing a sample of NaCl was weighed on a calibrated balance (Balance
# 1) and a reading of 26.7587 g was recorded. A portion of the sample was then poured out into an
Erlenmeyer flask, so the new reading is 24.7423 g. Calculate the mass of the sample that was poured into the flask.
Initial reading = 26.7587 g Final reading = 24.7423 g
Mass of sample transferred (calculated by difference) = 2.0164 g
Suppose, however, that Balance # 2 which is off by 0.5000 g because it had not been
calibrated, was used. The initial reading would have been 0.5000 g lower at 26.2587 g. The final reading would also have been lowered by the same amount. Thus, the final reading would have been 24.2423 g. Calculate the mass of the sample poured into the flask.
Initial reading = 26.2587 g Final reading = 24.2423 g
Mass of sample transferred (calculated by difference) = 2.0164 g
Does the choice of balance matter? _______________
Why? ______________________________________________________________________________
Notice that a reading on a balance Display is not considered a mass, but only an item of data.
Mass is calculated.
- Push the “OFF” button.
8) Repeat steps 2 to 7 on two other different analytical balances using the same metallic block.
- Show your data to your instructor and get his /her signature on the report sheet.
C) WEIGH BY DIFFERENCE THREE SAMPLES OF NaCl USING THE ANALYTICAL BALANCE.
Clean three 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Make sure the external walls of the Erlenmeyer
flasks are completely dry. Number them 1, 2, and 3 using pencil on the white spot on the flask.
A reminder: Throughout the weighing process you should protect the Erlenmeyer flasks from your hands with a paper towel.
Use the plastic spoon provided to transfer about two spoonful of NaCl(s) into a clean dry 50 ml beaker.
Take the items listed below with you to the weighing room:
- 50 ml beaker containing NaCl(s) that you obtained earlier.
- A clean 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask labeled #1. Make sure the external wall of the Erlenmeyer flask is completely dry.
- Your report sheet.
- A pen (not pencil).
- You need to weigh accurately about 0.3 g of NaCl as follows:
a) Turn the analytical balance ON.
b) After you see a display of 0.0000 g, place the Erlenmeyer flask labeled #1 on the pan of the
analytical balance.
c) Close the balance windows and touch the TARE button. “ 0.0000 g ” will be displayed regardless of the mass of the Erlenmeyer flask. Record this as the initial reading on the report sheet.
d) Add NaCl(s) to Erlenmeyer flask #1 by holding the beaker in a tilted position and tap it gently with your forefinger to allow little specs of NaCl crystals to enter the Erlenmeyer flask which is placed on the pan inside the balance. Keep adding little specs of NaCl until you obtain about 0.3g. Close the balance glass case windows. Record this reading to the one-tenth of a milligram on the report sheet.
e) When you are finished, remove the Erlenmeyer flask, close the balance windows, touch the
TARE bar, and press the OFF button.
4) To dispense a second sample into another Erlenmeyer flask labeled #2 , repeat steps 2 and 3 given
above.
5) To dispense a third sample into another Erlenmeyer flask labeled #3 , repeat steps 2 and 3 given
above.
6) Show the three samples of NaCl and your data to your instructor and get his/her signature on the report
sheet.
- Wash and dry your Erlenmeyer flasks and store them for your next lab period.
REPORT SHEET NAME _____________________________
EXPERIMENT - Laboratory Weighing Instructor’s initial_____________
DATA:
I used object # ________
A) TOP-LOADING BALANCE:
Reading including units
1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
_____________
(instructor’s initial)
B) ANALYTICAL BALANCE:
Reading including units
1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
_____________
(instructor’s initial)
C) WEIGHING BY DIFFERENCE THREE SAMPLES OF NaCl:
NaCl SAMPLES:
Sample #1 Sample #2 Sample
Initial reading g g g
Final reading g g g
Calculated mass of NaCl
g g g
_____________
(instructor’s initial)
