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Language
providesmeaningfor understandinga system of symbols and rules used for the purpose of communications TERM 2
What are the 4 components of language?
DEFINITION 2 phonology, semantics, morphology, and pragmatics TERM 3
What constitutes language?
DEFINITION 3 productivity: recombinationsemanticity: symbolismdisplacement: not be tied to the immediate context TERM 4
Reading
DEFINITION 4 reading is a process of mapping spoken form to written form through anorganization of patterns TERM 5
Reading vs Language
DEFINITION 5 language= spoken andauditoryreading = written and visuallanguage and reading:- helps children interact with others- express their wishes- control other's behavior- explore and understand their environment
Psycholingistics
linguists and psychologists combined to study language and readingexample: linguist would say kiss --> kissespsycholinguistics: How do children acquire? How do adults do? TERM 7
Aphasia
DEFINITION 7 loss or impairment of language ability because of brain damageaphasic syndromes vary, depending on the site of the damage TERM 8
Arcuate Fasciculus
DEFINITION 8 a band of subcortical fibers connecting Broca's area and Wernicke's area in the left hemisphere of the human brain TERM 9
Autism spectrum disorder
DEFINITION 9 a broad term that refers to autism as well as a number of other. related developmental disorders that share some of the characteristics of autismThe autism spectrum or autistic spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as pervasive developmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. TERM 10
Bound morpheme
DEFINITION 10 a morpheme that occurs only bound to other morphemes; it cannot stand alone
derivational morpheme
a morpheme that can be used to derive a new word TERM 17
free morpheme
DEFINITION 17 a morpheme that can stand alone as opposed to a bound morpheme TERM 18
innate
DEFINITION 18 present at birth, part of an organisms essential nature TERM 19
linguistic competence
DEFINITION 19 1.) A childs knowledge of language and all of its linguistic rules and structures. Ex. The sentence John said that Jane helped himself is ungrammatical because the person has an inferred knowledge of the grammatical principle that reflexive pronouns must refer to a noun phrase in the same clause. TERM 20
morpheme
DEFINITION 20
- the smallest unit of meaning in a language. Ex. The word pig is a morpheme because it cannot be divided into smaller parts of meaning.
morphology
the rules that govern the use of morphemes in a languageex. morphology of English requires that plural endings vary according to the last sound of the word stem TERM 22
neologism
DEFINITION 22 a new, made-up word, often not a word in the language, as when a Wernicke's aphasic patient refers to an ashtray as a "fremser" TERM 23
overregularized
DEFINITION 23 an irregular form that has been incorrectly made regularex. foots TERM 24
phoneme
DEFINITION 24
- contrasting sounds in language Example: The /or/ sound makes a phoneme between the words door and torn. It is a phoneme because although both words contain or they create very different sounds when placed with other syllables. TERM 25
phonology
DEFINITION 25
- The study of the sounds used in language and rules found for their combination. Example: The rule I before e expect after c and words like neighbor and weigh.
syntax
- The rules used for combining words to form sentences. Ex. The basic sentence rule is subject + predicate + object making the following sentence Bradley is sad. TERM 32
telegraphic speech
DEFINITION 32 speech that consists of content words without functors, much like a telegram TERM 33
Wenicke's Area
DEFINITION 33 speech area in the posterior region of the left hemisphere TERM 34
species
specific
DEFINITION 34 refers to the fact that language as we know it is specific to our species, and not to others TERM 35
species uniform
DEFINITION 35 refers to the observation that the major milestones of language occur in the same way and at the same general time in all members of the species
syllables
- -a phonological unit that must contain a vowel onset consonant or final consonant. - a way of organizing a sequence of speech sounds Example: Water has two syllables wa and ter. TERM 37
affricate
DEFINITION 37 sounds that are a combination of a stop and fricative, such as the voiced sound at the beginning of judge or the unvoiced sound at the beginning of church TERM 38
alveolar
DEFINITION 38 any consonant made with the tongue near or touching the alveolar ridge, behind the upper front teeth/t/, /d/,/n/,/s/, /z/ TERM 39
articulatory phonetics
DEFINITION 39 the study of the types of sound waves produced by different shapes of the vocal tract when making speech sounds. TERM 40
assimilation
DEFINITION 40 changing a sound in a word to make it more similar to an adjacent or nearby sound in that word or a neighboring wordgreenbeans -> greembeans
What are the two research methods of
language and reading?
longitudinal approach-the study is taken over a period of time, following the same child as they progress in languagecross-sectional approach- several children in different age groups are studied simultaneously TERM 47
phonotactics
DEFINITION 47 the rules that govern permissible sound combinations TERM 48
suprasegmental feature
DEFINITION 48 superimposed on a sequence of consonants or valuestonestress TERM 49
what is a word family?
DEFINITION 49 a set of words connected by a base word with variants in inflection or derivation
