Download LAPD Use of Force Tactics Exam: Questions and Answers and more Exams Criminal procedure in PDF only on Docsity!
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
USE OF FORCE - DEADLY -
correct answer ✅It is the policy of this Department that officers shall use deadly force upon another person only when the officer reasonably believes, based on the totality of circumstances, that such force is necessary for either of the following reasons: USE OF FORCE - DEADLY (REASON 1) - correct answer ✅To defend against an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or to another person USE OF FORCE - DEADLY (REASON 2) - correct answer ✅To apprehend a fleeing person for any felony that threatened or resulted in death or serious bodily injury, if the officer reasonably believes that the person will cause death or serious bodily injury to another unless immediately apprehended.
- Murder
- Rape
- Robbery
- Mayhem
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Some Burglaries USE OF FORCE - NON-DEADLY - correct answer ✅It is the policy of this Department that personnel may use only that force which is "objectively reasonable" to:
- Defend themselves;
- Defend others;
- Effect an arrest or detention;
- Prevent escape; or,
- Overcome resistance DRAWING OR EXHIBITING FIREARMS - correct answer ✅Officers shall not draw or exhibit a firearm unless the circumstances surrounding the incident create a reasonable belief that it may be necessary to use the firearm. DRAWING OR EXHIBITING FIREARMS (HOLSTERING) - correct answer ✅When an officer has determined that the use of deadly force is not necessary, the officer shall, as soon as practicable, secure or holster the firearm.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SHOOT TO STOP -
correct answer ✅A critical component to the Los Angeles Police Department's Use of Deadly Force Policy is that officers do not shoot to kill. Officers shoot to STOP a deadly threat. RENDERING AID - correct answer ✅After any use of force, officers shall immediately request a rescue ambulance for any person injured. In addition, officers shall promptly provide basic and emergency medical assistance to all members of the community, including victims, witnesses, subjects, suspects, persons in custody, subjects of a use of force and fellow officers:
- To the extent of the officer's training and experience in first aid/CPR/AED; and
- To the level of equipment available to an officer at the time assistance is needed. Note: Per the LAPD Training Bulletin Volume XLIX, Issue 8, Dated October 2020, "Rendering Medical Aid" Officers should only render aid when it is safe and practicable to do so. Examples of an unsafe scene, or when aid would not be practicable, are:
- An ongoing tactical situation that would put officers in harm's way;
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- During a natural disaster which creates an unsafe environment; and, Page 4 of 15 April 11, 2022
- During or directly after a traumatic incident which the officer's mindset or physiological condition are not conducive to rendering medical aid (e.g., substantially involved in an officer-involved shooting). PROTECTING PROPERTY - correct answer ✅The use of deadly force to protect property is not justified by law. Police K-9 and horses are considered property. COVER FIRE - correct answer ✅Cover fire is defined as, "controlled and deliberate fire, directed at a life endangering threat, where an officer reasonably believes the threat to be located." DOUBT - correct answer ✅When an officer is uncertain in their mind as to the appropriate use of deadly force, the officer should not use deadly force. Officers are not permitted to use deadly force to prevent assaults which will not likely result in serious injury.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Note: The use of a firearm should be considered only if other methods are impractical (e.g., use of a shovel, hoe or other tool). FLEEING FELON - correct answer ✅Tennessee v Garner case provided the crimes that fall under the fleeing felon rule. Those crimes are included, but limited to the following (BRRMM);
- Murder
- Rape
- Robbery
- Mayhem
- Some Burglaries Two subsequent cases (Kortum vs. Alkire and People vs. Ceballos defined "Violent Felonies" guidelines when applying deadly force in a fleeing felon situation. •Know it's the suspects) within reason. (pictures, artist renditions, crime alerts, prior contacts, etc.), and
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Crime committed involves the infliction of serious bodily injury or death, and
- Probable cause to believe that the person who is sought will cause serious bodily injury or death to others if apprehension is delayed.
- Some form of warning shall be given (verbalization) where feasible
- Background (innocent bystanders or hostages) considerations
- Last resort HOSTAGE SITUATIONS - correct answer ✅Criminals who use hostages to affect their escape are desperate individuals who, if allowed to escape, will pose a continuing threat to their hostage and to the public at large. Assurance that a hostage will be released unharmed is a meaningless promise. The Department does not have the ability to protect the safety of a hostage who is allowed to be removed from the presence of officers. The safety of hostages can be best assured by keeping them in the presence of officers and by preventing their removal by the suspect. Officers should use every verbal and tactical tool at their disposal to secure the arrest of
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
purposes of this Section, the moving vehicle itself shall not presumptively constitute a threat that justifies an officer's use of deadly force. An officer threatened by an oncoming vehicle shall move out of its path instead of discharging a firearm at it or any of its occupants. SHOOTING FROM A MOVING VEHICLE. Firearms shall not be discharged from a moving vehicle, except in exigent circumstances and in the immediate defense of life. Warning Shots - correct answer ✅The intentional discharge of a firearm off target, not intended to hit a person, to warn others that deadly force is imminent. Warning shots shall only be used in exceptional circumstances where it might reasonably be expected to avoid the need to use deadly force. 834a PC Subject's duty to submit to arrest - correct answer ✅If a person has knowledge, or by the exercise of reasonable care, should have knowledge, that he is being arrested by a peace officer, it is the duty of such person to refrain from using force or any weapon to resist such arrest.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
835 PC Officer's authority to use restraint - correct answer ✅An arrest is made by an actual restraint of the person, or by submission to the custody of an officer. The person arrested may be subjected to such restraint as is reasonable for arrest and detention. Tactical De-Escalation Techniques / PATROL - Acronym
correct answer ✅PATROL:
- Planning
- Assessment
- Time
- Redeployment and / or Containment
- Other Resources
- Lines of Communication USE OF INTERMEDIATE FORCE OPTIONS. (Special Order 14 revised 2023) - correct answer ✅Use of an Electronic Control Device (i.e. TASER), Impact Device (e.g., Baton), Kinetic Energy Projectile (e.g., Beanbag Shotgun, 40mm Less-
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
proportional force and not deadly force to deflect the physical threat. 198 PC (Sufficiency of Fear) - correct answer ✅• Cannot use deadly force based on fear alone.
- Sufficient to excite the fears of a reasonable person.
- Use of deadly force must be to protect oneself from serious bodily injury or death. 243 (f) (4) PC (Serious Bodily Injury) - correct answer ✅"Serious bodily injury" means a serious impairment of physical condition, including, but not limited to, the following: loss of consciousness;
- concussion;
- bone fracture;
- protracted loss or impairment of function of any bodily member or organ; a wound requiring extensive suturing and serious disfigurement.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Vulnerable Population - correct answer ✅Vulnerable populations include but are not limited to, children, elderly persons, people who are pregnant, and people with physical, mental, and developmental disabilities. Requirement to Report Potential Excessive Force - correct answer ✅An officer who is present and observes another officer using force that the present and observing officer believes to be beyond that which is necessary, as determined by an objectively reasonable officer under the circumstances based upon the totality of information actually known to the officer, shall report such force to a superior officer. Requirement to Intercede When Excessive Force is Observed - correct answer ✅An officer shall intercede when present and observing another officer using force that is clearly beyond that which is necessary, as determined by an objectively reasonable officer under the circumstances, taking into account the possibility that other officers may have additional information regarding the threat posed by a subject.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Robbery
- Mayhem
- Some Burglaries Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372 (2007) - correct answer ✅The Court concluded that it is reasonable for a police officer to use deadly force to prevent harm to innocent bystanders, even to the point of putting the fleeing motorist at serious risk of injury or death. UOF Tactics Directive 16 Tactical De-Escalation (October 2016) - correct answer ✅Tactical de-escalation involves the use of techniques to reduce the intensity of an encounter with a suspect and enable an officer to have additional options to gain voluntary compliance or mitigate the need to use a higher level of force while maintaining control of the situation.
