Laser Target Ranging Experiment: Detection of Approaching Targets, Exercises of Physics

An experiment designed to detect a target approaching a laser source. The process involves aligning the laser beam, collimating it, and collecting scattered light using a photo detector. The target's material affects the intensity of the photo detector, which is plotted against approaching distance to determine detection. The experiment aims to identify the target's approach at a specific range.

Typology: Exercises

2011/2012

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Laser Target Ranging
The objective of this experiment is to detect a target approaching laser source. In this experiment we are expecting a
target to approach a laser source along the direction of propagation of the laser beam. The target may be a metallic object
of any shape but preferably a plane shaped object will be discussed.
We want that when the target approaches a certain distance called specific range towards laser illuminator the system
should switch on the alarm or otherwise destroy the target at that specific distance if the system is fitted with desired
artillery.
First step is to align or point out the laser towards the direction of approach of the target. In the lab we are assuming that
the target is approach from a horizontal direction parallel to the dimensions of the optical table. So first we level the laser
beam as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
Holes in the optical bench
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Laser Target Ranging

The objective of this experiment is to detect a target approaching laser source. In this experiment we are expecting a

target to approach a laser source along the direction of propagation of the laser beam. The target may be a metallic object

of any shape but preferably a plane shaped object will be discussed.

We want that when the target approaches a certain distance called specific range towards laser illuminator the system

should switch on the alarm or otherwise destroy the target at that specific distance if the system is fitted with desired

artillery.

First step is to align or point out the laser towards the direction of approach of the target. In the lab we are assuming that

the target is approach from a horizontal direction parallel to the dimensions of the optical table. So first we level the laser

beam as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Holes in the optical bench

Second step is to increase the diameter of the illuminating beam and the best way to do this is to obtain a collimated beam. The beam would be able to travel a longer distance with constant intensity profile. The schemes corresponding to the second step is shown in Fig.2.

Collimate the laser beam (using a combination of a short focal length lens 10mm or 20mm and a longer focal length lens 200, 250 or 300 mm).

After the collimation the beam diameter should stay constant. This is shown in Fig. 2. An approaching target is also shown in Fig. 2 and the

light scattered off this object is also shown. A part of this light is received by the lens L2 and is focussed at the common foci of both the lenses.

To collect and detect the scattered light off the target a beam splitter is placed between the common focus point and the lens L2. It should be

arranged in such a way that the beam from the source is directed away from you whereas the scattered beam is directed towards you. The

modified scheme is shown in Fig. 3. A photo detector is placed in the path of the received scattered beam where it is focussed by the lens L2.

Holes in the optical bench

Collimated Beam

Scattered Light

Direction of Target Approach T

Target

Laser Designator

L

L

Fig. 2