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Characteristics of lead - Metal, Gray, Soft, Heavy, Blocks radiation & Toxic What common consumer products could contain lead? - Paint, Bullets, Fishing sinkers, Solders, Ceramic, X-ray block, vinyl, plastic, weights, pewter, batteries, flashing & leaded crystal glass What was lead used in these products - Durable, drying agent, prevents mold & mildew, provides brightness in color & block radiation What form of lead was used in house-hold paint products - White lead What are sources of lead contamination for yards and playgrounds? - Roof flashing, leaded gas contamination, industrial emissions & paint dust from homes What is lead-based paint under the Consumer Product Safety Commission? - 0.06% by weight When did CPSC ban lead-based paint? - 1978 What is lead based paint according to the EPA and HUD - 1.0 mg/cm What level of lead triggers in OSHA regulations in construction? - any detectable amount How can lead enter the body? - Eating & Breathing
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What organs may be damaged by lead in the body? - Brain, Central nervous system, kidneys, blood forming system, reproductive system & heart What are symptoms of lead poisoning - Stomach aches, constipation or diarrhea, irritability, fatigue & weakness, muscle aches, lack of sex drive, tremors & also headaches How long does lead typically remain in the blood - 30 days How long does lead typically remain in soft tissue - 30 days How long does lead typically remain in the bones - 30 years What is meant by lead body burden? - the amount of lead in your blood, soft tissue and bones at any one time What is meant by chronic lead poisoning? - low dose over a long period What is meant by acute lead poisoning - high dose in a short time What blood-lead level in children is regulated? - 10 ug/dl Why do we focus on children under 6 years of age? - hand to mouth behavior, high absorption rate & lead interferes with proper development
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What is the maximum first time fine for violation of ODH regulations? - $1000 per day What federal agency regulates lead in construction? - OSHA What amount of lead is regulated by OSHA? - any exposable amount What is the first thing OSHA will request when visiting a job site where lead work is performed? - to see exposure monitoring What is exposure monitoring? - air monitoring to determine whether workers are above the action level or pel for lead What is OSHA's action level? - 30 ug/m What is OSHA's PEL for lead? - 50 ug/m What does PEL mean? - Permissible exposure limit What equipment and supplies are needed to conduct personal monitoring? - Personal sample pump, rotameter, 37mm sample cassette Where do we place the sample cassette? - Workers breathing zone
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What flow rate is acceptable for personal monitoring - 1 to 4 liters What is a negative exposure assessment? - Air sampling results below the PEL If exposure monitoring indicates that exposures are below the action level for a job, how long may we rely on the monitoring for similar jobs? - 1 year If exposure monitoring indicates that exposures are above the action level but below the PEL for a job, how long may we rely on the monitoring for similar jobs? - 6 months If exposure monitoring indicates that exposures are above the PEL for a job, how long may we rely on the monitoring for similar jobs? - 3 months If exposures are below the action level, the employer must nevertheless perform two additional things to protect workers. What? - Provide a hand washing facility & keep the area free of dust & debris When must employers provide its workers information about their monitoring results? - 5 days after receipts of results from the lab If exposures are above the action level for any one day in a calendar year, what must the employer provide its workers? - Blood test (Biological monitoring) What are the blood testing for? - Lead & Zpp
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What is a fit (seal) check and how often is this done? - negative & positive fit check every time you put it on What is a fit test and how often is this done? - Test to determine if the respirator leaks every year (once a year) What is included in training in the use of a respirator? - how to clean it, how to inspect it, how to store it & how to perform fit check What is the protection factor of a half-face APR? - 10 What is the protection factor a full-face APR? - 50 How do we calculate the maximum use level of a respirator - Protection actor multiplied by PEL (Protection factor X PEL) What is the maximum use level of a half face APR? - 500 ug/m What is the maximum use of a full-face APR - 2500 ug/m What respirator filter is required for work with lead? - Hepa What do we do as we remove full-body protective clothing? - Turn clothing inside out
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When decontaminating ourselves, what is the last thing we remove? - Respirator What is Title X - Childhood lead poisoning reduction act What did title X require First? - Identification of lead based paint hazards What did title X require second - Control of lead based paint hazards identified What is a lead-based paint inspection? - Surface by surface inspection to identify lead based paint & a report What is a lead risk assessment? - Identification of lead based hazards & a report What are the two methods to control lead hazards? - Abatement & Interim control Define abatement - Permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards Define interim control? - Temporary control of lead-based paint hazards What are the four abatement methods? - Removal, replacement, enclosure & Encapsulation
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Name five components commonly enclosed - Walls, stairs, floors, window casings & exterior siding Why is paining with latex paint not a form of abatment? - it does not seal and will not last 20 years Name two examples of soul abatment - Removing & replacing soul covering with concrete & asphalt Name one example of soil interim control - Mulching What additional controls have to be considered when removing contaminated soil? - Controlling wind & rain erosion What is a problem when using heavy equipment to remove soil? - Decontamination of equipment Where are warning signs placed when setting up a work area? - At the entrance of the work area What is the best way to protect occupants and their belongings? - Relocate them If we cannot move occupants, what must we provide if we work while they are present? - A way in and out, access and egress, access to bathroom, access to kitchen, blockage to the work area What can we do with belongings that are present in the area where we will work? - Move them outside work area & cover them in plastic sheeting
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What is a critical barrier? - 6 mil polyethylene sheeting put over openings in the the work area. Doors, windows and vents When do we need to create a poly flap door way? - When we need to exit our work area into a clean space What do we do with HVAC vents in the work area? - Cover them with critical barriers When must we stop work being performed outside? - When wind exceeds 20 mph What doors and windows must be sealed when we are working outside? - Doors and windows that are within work area What must we provide to occupants when we perform work outside? - A way to go in & out the house What do we do with debris generated during abatement work? - Place it in a 6 mil bag or wrap in 6 mil poly What does goose necking a bag mean? - Twist top of bag & tape it then double the end over and tape it again What do we do with lean painted components we are removing? - Place in 6 mil bags or wrap in 6 mil poly
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What federal law regulates hazardous waste? - Resource Conservation Recovery Act How may lead waste from a single family home be handled? - As household waste HUD recommends separating types of waste, what does that mean? - Separating what may be contaminated with lead with what is not contaminated with lead How do we test for hazardous waste - Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP) How much lead must leach out of waste for it to be considered hazardous? - 5PPM How much lead contaminated waste makes a contractor a conditionally exempt waste generator? - less than 220 pounds per month How long may a conditionally exempt generator store contaminated waste? - 90 days What are two important practices when using a step ladder? - Fully open & locked. Do not use the top step as a step What are three important practices when using an extension ladder? - 1 foot out of every 4 feet up, Extend 3 feet above the roof, tied at the top What are four symptoms of heat exhaustion - Cool sweaty skin, headache, dizziness & nausea
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What are four symptoms of heat stroke? - Hot dry skin, nausea, fainting & dizziness What is a GFCI and why is it important? - Ground fault circuit interrupter & protects against electrocution. According to OSHA, at what heights is fall protection required when using a scaffold? - 10 feet Three items provided on a Material Safety Data Sheet - Existence of hazards in a product & first aid, Need for PPE when using the product & first aid response in case of exposure. Why do we say the laws and regulations impose strict liability on people? - We are liable under a law even though we are unaware of that law. What is a contract - An agreement between two parties to exchange things of value What is tort - A claim that someone was negligent What are the three elements of tort - Someone had a duty, that person did not do his duty & as a result there was damage How may we defend ourselves against a claim that we had been negligent? - Obey applicable laws & we followed the standard of care of our industry.
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What is the difference between a performance specification and a means-and-methods specification? - means and methods are considered superior What type of specification is favored by EPA? - Means and methods Who is ultimately responsible to correct a lead hazard in a residence? - The owner What is a public housing agency? - a government entity that owns housing What is vicarious liability? - liability for the actions of others What is the difference between contract documents and specifications? - Contractor documents are the legal documents. Specifications detail the scope of work. What requirements are typically in the contract documents? - Insurance requirements, deadlines, responsibilities of owner and contractor. What requirements are typically included in specifications? - Abatement methods required; components needing treatment and occupant protection requirements. What is the problem with a lead abatement contractor performing risk assessments? - Conflict of interest
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What are important traits for a supervisor to communicate to workers? - Give clear directions to workers, quickly correct mistakes, do not be derisive & emphasize team work What is meant by team spirit on an abatement job? - Say "we" not "i", be positive and if you need to correct a worker do so privately What is difficult to predict when estimating a job? - Labor cost, how much time the job will take, will workers become and available and will workers show up What is critical path planning? - Establish important steps to complete the work, keep track of each step and establish and meet deadlines What is a community relations plan? - a plan on how to communicate with occupants What challenges are presented when abatement work is preformed in an coccupied home? - Protecting belongings; keeping occupants out of active work areas When do we evaluate our community relations plan? - Continually What certification is needed to perform clearance testing on an abatement job - Certified inspector or certified risk assessor
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What is the chemical symbol for lead - PB
