Leadership Theories: Trait, Functional, Situational, Transformational and Power Dynamics, Slides of Business Management and Analysis

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Leadership

Definition

• Behaviors that influences guides, directs or controls a group.
• A dynamic interaction between leaders, followers and context

Trait Theories

• There are certain characteristics that leaders possess that make them leaders. - Intellegence, values, appearance - Physical, social, work related characteristics
• By themselves these theories didn’t explain why leaders became leaders.

Functional

• Traits give the potential but leadership is based on what people do.
• Initiating Structure (task oriented)
  • Directs work activities
• Consideration (relationship oriented)
  • Minds the climate in the organzation
• Both trait and functional theories focus on the leader

What the leader does.

• Task behaviors - tell them what to do, where to go, with whom, etc. - Giving travel directions to someone
• Relationship behaviors - facilitate, encourage, support.

Transactional and Transformational

Leadership

Transformational Leaders

• Leader transforms the followers
• Engages in a set of behaviors
• It occurs in a given context

Environment and culture of

transformational leadership

• People can be trusted
• Everyone has a contribution to make
• Complex problems should be handled at the lowest level
• Norms are flexable adapting to changing environment
• Superiors are coaches, mentors, models

Behaviors of Transformational

Leaders

• High performance expectations -Behavior that demonstrates the leader's expectations for excellence, quality, and/or high performance on the part of followers.
• Providing individualized support -Behavior on the part of the leader that indicates that he/she respects followers and is concerned about their personal feelings and needs.
• Intellectual stimulation -Behavior on the part of the leader that challenges followers to re-examine some of their assumptions about their work and rethink how it can be performed.

The followers’ readiness to follow

• Depends on willingness or security and capability
  • Willingness=confidence, commitment, motivation
  • Capability=knowledge, skill, experience
• R-1 Unwilling or insecure and unable
• R-2 Willing, but unable
• R-3 Unwilling or insecure but able
• R-4 Willing, secure and able

Power

• the ability that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B does something he or she would not ordinarily do

Types of Power

• Positional Power
  • Legitimate
  • Reward
  • Coercive
• Personal Power
  • Expert
  • Referent

Putting it together - The Enhanced

Model