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Fundamentals of Microelectronics
CH1 Why Microelectronics? CH2 Basic Physics of Semiconductors CH3 Diode Circuits CH4 Physics of Bipolar Transistors CH5 Bipolar Amplifiers CH6 Physics of MOS Transistors CH7 CMOS Amplifiers CH8 Operational Amplifier As A Black Box CH9 Cascodes and Current Mirrors CH10 Differential Amplifiers CH11 Frequency Response CH12 Feedback
Suggestions for You
Rigor and Intuition “Machinery” and “feel”
Analysis by Inspection
- Looking at a complex circuit, we wish to map it to a simpler topologies
(a few lines of algebra)
Forty Pages per Week
- The lectures give you the “skeleton” of each chapter, you fill up the
rest by reading and understanding each chapter
Forty Problems per Week
- The more you struggle with a problem, the more appealing the
answer will be
Homeworks and Exams
- Do homeworks on your own first and then discuss them with others
Time Management
- At least 10 hours per week
Prerequisites
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1.1 Electronics versus Microelectronics
1.2 Example of Electronic Systems
- Cellular Telephone
- Digital Camera
- Analog versus Digital
1.3 Basic Concepts
Chapter 1 Why Microelectronics?
CH1 Why Microelectronics? 4
Cellular Technology
An important example of microelectronics.
Microelectronics exist in black boxes that process the
received and transmitted voice signals.
CH1 Why Microelectronics? 7
Digital or Analog?
X1(t) is operating at 100Mb/s and X2(t) is operating at 1Gb/s. A digital signal operating at very high frequency is very “analog”.
CH1 Why Microelectronics? 8
Signal Processing in a Typical System
The foregoing observations favor processing of signals in the digital domain.
Digital cameras and CD recorders perform some analog processing and digital processing.
CH1 Why Microelectronics? 9
Analog Circuits
The most commonly used analog function is amplification
A voltage amplifier produces an output swing greater than the input swing.
The voltage gain Av is defined as
For example, a voltage gain of 10 translates to 20 dB. General amplifier symbols are shown below
CH1 Why Microelectronics? 10
Digital Circuits
In digital microelectronics, we study the design of the internal circuits of gates, flipflops, and other components. For example, we construct a circuit using devices such as transistors to realize the NOT and NOR functions shown below.
Norton’s Theorem
Norton’s theorem states that a (linear) one-port network can
be represented by one current source in parallel with one
impedance.
- iNor is determined by shorting the port of interest and
computing the current that flows through it
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