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Unit Conversion and Problem-Solving Strategies, Study notes of Chemistry

University of Illinois - ChicagoChemistry

Strategies for problem-solving and unit conversions in chemistry. It covers dimensional analysis, conversion factors, and the use of solution maps. Examples of exercises are included.

Typology: Study notes

2015/2016

Uploaded on 02/15/2016

hollister10789
hollister10789 🇺🇸

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ConverFng#numbers#
ConverFng#a#number#to#scienFfic#notaFon(
a. 950,000(=(9.5(×(105(
b. 0.0007659(=(7.659(×(10B4((
c. 9087(=(9.087(×(103(((
ConverFng#a#number#to#decimal#notaFon#
a. 5.97(×(103(=(5.97(×(1000=(5970(
b. 7.9(×(10B4(=(7.9(/(10000(=(0.00079(
((
(((((((((Therefore((
Since((
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ConverFng#numbers#

ConverFng#a#number#to#scienFfic#notaFon ( a. 950,000(=(9.5(×( 5( b. 0.0007659(=(7.659(×( B4(( c. 9087(=(9.087(×( 3 ( (( ConverFng#a#number#to#decimal#notaFon# a. 5.97(×( 3 (=(5.97(×(1000=(5970( b. 7.9(×( B4( =(7.9(/(10000(=(0.00079( (( Since(( (((((((((Therefore((

Fill#in#the#form#of#the#number#that#is#missing#from#the#table###

RewriFng#metric#prefixes## 1.#Rewrite#this#expression#using#metric#prefixes#to#replace#the#exponenFal#term## 3(×( B (meter(=(((((((3(millimeter( 4.6(×( 1( grams(=(((((4.6(decagrams( 2.5(×( B12( liters(=(((((2.5(picoliters( 4.1(×( B (meter(=((((?( 2.75(×( 9 (meter(=(((?( 2.#Rewrite#the#following#measurements#by#replacing#the#prefix#with#its#exponenFal#equivalent## 7.8(kilograms(=(( 8(deciliters(=(( 2.54(cen\meters(=(( 7.8(×(103(grams(( 8(×( B1( liters(( 2.52(×(10B2(meters((

Gehng(to(an(equa\on(to(solve(from(a(problem(statement(requires( cri$cal'thinking. ((

  • No(simple(formula(applies(to(every(problem,(yet(you(can(learn( problemAsolving#strategies# and(begin(to(develop( some#chemical# intuiFon.# Unit(conversion(type:((
  • Many(of(the(problems(can(be(thought(of(as( unit ( conversion' problems, (in(which(you(are(given(one(or(more(quan\es(and( asked(to(convert(them(into(different(units.(( Problem-Solving and Unit Conversions
  • For(most(conversion(problems,(we(are(given(a(quan\ty(in( some(units(and(asked(to(convert(the(quan\ty(to(another(unit.( These(calcula\ons(take(the(form: **#

#** Conversion#factor##method##

  • Conversion(factors(are(constructed(from(any(two(quan\es( known(to(be(equivalent.((
  • We(construct(the(conversion(factor(by(dividing(both(sides(of( the(equality(by(1(in.(and(canceling(the(units.( The quantity is equal to 1 and can be used to convert between inches and centimeters. Converting Between Units
  • The(solu\on(map(for(conver\ng(from(inches(to( cen\meters(is(as(follows:( ## ##
  • The(solu\on(map(for(conver\ng(from(cen\meters(to( inches(is(as(follows:( Diagram Conversions Using a Solution Map Which#raFo#is#correct#to#use?#
  • Iden\fy(the(star\ng(point((the( given (informa\on).(
  • Iden\fy(the(end(point((what(you(must( find ).(
  • Devise(a(way(to(get(from(the(star\ng(point(to(the(end(point( using(what(is(given(as(well(as(what(you(already(know(or(can( look(up.((
  • You(can(use(a( solu$on'map' to(diagram(the(steps(required(to( get(from(the(star\ng(point(to(the(end(point.( (
  • In(graphic(form,(we(can(represent(this(progression(as( #Given##! #SoluFon#Map#! #Find ( General Problem-Solving Strategy

Exercise#1.#Convert#0.0925#μg#to#ng# SoluFon#map :((μg(!(g(!(ng( RelaFonship#used :( 1μg(=(1(×(( B (g( 1ng(=(1(×(( B (g( ( Exercise#2.#Convert#1.63#×## A #mm#to#picometers# (((

( Many(of(the(basic(rela\onships(in(chemistry(are(propor\onal(by(nature( (

  • Density((
  • Percentage(composi\on(
  • Number(of(atoms(of(an(element(in(a(sample(of(a(molecular(substance(
  • Mass(of(a(substance(in(a(volume(of(solu\on(

M.2#

Propor\onality(is(a(mathema\cal(rela\on(between(two( quan\es;(it(can(be(expressed(as(an(equality(of(two(ra\os:( (

PredicFons#using#proporFonal#reasoning##

The(word(“per”(indicates(a(ra\o( Conversion(factors(and(“per”(statements( 25(grams(per(liter(=((((((((((((=(25(g/L( When(we(refer(to(25%(of(a(sample,(we(are(talking(about(25(out(of( every(100(parts(of(the(sample.(The(word(parts(is(general(term(that( refers(to(a(unit(such(as(a(gram.( Some(other(“per”(amounts(are(given(special(abbrevia\on((

EX.2(A(company(produces(cars(and(trucks.(If(21.2%(of(the(produc\on( of(vehicles(is(cars,(and(there(are(192,222(cars(produced(in(a(year,( how(many(vehicles(were(produced(that(year?(( solve#a#“per”#statement#problem#