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Lecture Notes on Using SAP - Finite Element Methods | CEE 504, Study notes of Civil Engineering

University of Washington (UW) - SeattleCivil Engineering

Material Type: Notes; Class: FINITE ELEM METHODS; Subject: Civil and Environmental Engineering; University: University of Washington - Seattle; Term: Autumn 2008;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 03/10/2009

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University of Washington Department of Civil Engineering
Fall 2008 Instructor: Laura N. Lowes
CEE457: Using SAP
1. Start the program โ˜บ
2. Create a new model. Do this from the pull-down menu for File -> New model
a. Define the units for the model (you can always change these in the bottom right corner, but setting
the default units to your preferred unit system is best).
b. Create a new model with using grid only template โ€“
i. The default grid has the z-axis in the vertical direction.
ii. The grid is generated with the number of spacings that you specify in the x-, y- and z-
directions.
3. Change the vertical axis from z to x or y as is necessary to help define your structure. Do this from the pull-
down menus for Options -> 3D View Up Direction.
4. Edit the grid to fit your structure.
a. Pull-down menu โ€“Define -> Coordinate Systems / Grids -> Modify / Show System
i. Add and Subtract grid lines
ii. Set Snap to grid.
5. Draw the structure.
a. Draw nodes โ€“ Select Draw Special Joint button on left or Add Special Joint from Draw pull-down
menu.
b. Draw elements โ€“ Select Draw Frame/Cable Element button on left or Draw Frame Element from
Draw pull-down menu.
i. Note that you can use the pop-up Properties of Object Menu to assign member section,
member moment releases, and other properties. Weโ€™ll ignore this for the time being and
assign member properties using the pull-down menus.
6. Define properties of the elements.
a. Define materials โ€“ Define -> Materials
i. Add new material
ii. Modify existing material
b. Define frame sections - Define -> Frame/Cable Sections
i. Choose type of frame section (rectangle, Wide flange, etc.)
ii. Note that if the section you want is not loaded, you can import sections from databases
that are stored in the SAP2000 directory.
iii. For a truss
1. Set x-dimension and y-dimension so that area is correct
2. Note that you can use section modification factors to reduce / increase stiffness
in shear, flexure, torsion, axial etc.
a. To define a rigid response in shear, assign a shear stiffness
modification of zero.
iv. Specify material.
pf3

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Download Lecture Notes on Using SAP - Finite Element Methods | CEE 504 and more Study notes Civil Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!

University of Washington Department of Civil Engineering Fall 2008 Instructor: Laura N. Lowes

CEE457: Using SAP

  1. Start the program โ˜บ
  2. Create a new model. Do this from the pull-down menu for File -> New model a. Define the units for the model (you can always change these in the bottom right corner, but setting the default units to your preferred unit system is best). b. Create a new model with using grid only template โ€“ i. The default grid has the z-axis in the vertical direction. ii. The grid is generated with the number of spacings that you specify in the x-, y- and z- directions.
  3. Change the vertical axis from z to x or y as is necessary to help define your structure. Do this from the pull- down menus for Options -> 3D View Up Direction.
  4. Edit the grid to fit your structure. a. Pull-down menu โ€“ Define -> Coordinate Systems / Grids -> Modify / Show System i. Add and Subtract grid lines ii. Set Snap to grid.
  5. Draw the structure. a. Draw nodes โ€“ Select Draw Special Joint button on left or Add Special Joint from Draw pull-down menu. b. Draw elements โ€“ Select Draw Frame/Cable Element button on left or Draw Frame Element from Draw pull-down menu. i. Note that you can use the pop-up Properties of Object Menu to assign member section, member moment releases, and other properties. Weโ€™ll ignore this for the time being and assign member properties using the pull-down menus.
  6. Define properties of the elements. a. Define materials โ€“ Define -> Materials i. Add new material ii. Modify existing material b. Define frame sections - Define -> Frame/Cable Sections i. Choose type of frame section (rectangle, Wide flange, etc.) ii. Note that if the section you want is not loaded, you can import sections from databases that are stored in the SAP2000 directory. iii. For a truss
  7. Set x-dimension and y-dimension so that area is correct
  8. Note that you can use section modification factors to reduce / increase stiffness in shear, flexure, torsion, axial etc. a. To define a rigid response in shear, assign a shear stiffness modification of zero. iv. Specify material.
  1. Attach frame section to elements a. Highlight element -> Assign -> Frame -> Sections b. For 3D โ€“ Assign local axes as necessary - Highlight element -> Assign -> Frame -> Local axes. i. Type in a value for Angle in Degrees. This is an angle by which local axis 2 of the Element will be rotated around local axis 1. Local axis 1 is along the length of the Element. By default local axis 2 is always in the 1-Z plane except if the Element is vertical and then it is parallel to the global X axis. The definition of the local axes follow the right hand rule. The angle is measured anti-clockwise as positive if local axis 1 is pointing towards you. ii. Local x-direction โ€“ Red Arrow Local y-direction โ€“ While Arrow (weak bending axis) Local z-direction โ€“ Blue Arrow (strong bending axis)
  2. Assign frame member releases a. To model truss elements we need to release moments at both ends of the element. b. Highlight the frame element using the mouse. c. To model truss elements assign frame releases using the Assign -> Frame/Cable -> Releases / Partial Fixity pull-down menu. Set the moment releases at each end of the member, and set the spring stiffness to be zero.
  3. Assign frame member rigid-end off-sets a. Highlight element -> Assign -> Frame/Cable -> End (Length) Off-sets b. In the Frame End Offsets dialog box: i. If you want to use User Specified End Offsets then check Define Lengths and type in the values for the Offsets at End I and End J. ii. If you want the program to calculate the End Offsets from the connectivity of the model then check Update lengths from current connectivity. The program will automatically calculate the End Offsets from the Depth (Major) and Width (Minor) specified for the Frame Element properties. iii. Specify a Rigid Zone Factor in the edit box. This is a factor used to define the percentage of the Zone specified through End Offsets to be taken as fully rigid. 0 means no portion of the zone is considered to be rigid, and 1 means that the entire zone is taken as rigid. A value between 0 and 1 indicates the percentage of the zone that is considered to be rigid.
  4. Assign section modification factors a. Approach #1 for individual elements i. Highlight element -> Assign -> Frame/Cable -> Frame Property Modifier 1. Define one or more modification factors for the original member axial, shear, flexural or torsional stiffness. This approach may be used to stiffness a section or make it more flexible. b. Approach #2 for all elements with a specific section i. Define -> Frame/Cable Section ii. Identify property type to modify iii. Choose Modify / Show Property iv. Choose Property Modifiers v. Define one or more modification factor for the original member axial, shear, flexural or torsional stiffness. This approach may be used to stiffness a section or make it more flexible.