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LEED Green Associate: Practice Exam
#1 & Terms
Biodegradable - Capable of decomposing under natural conditions. Carbon Footprint - A measure of greenhouse gas emissions associated with an activity. Ecosystem - A basic unit of nature that includes a community of organisms and their nonliving environment linked by biological, chemical, and physical processes. Environmental Sustainability - Long term maintenance of ecosystem components and functions for future generations. High Performance Green Building - A structure designed to conserve water and energy; use space, materials, and resources efficiently; minimize construction waste; and create a harmful indoor environment Integrated Design Team - All the individuals involved in a building project from early int eh design process, including the design professionals, the owner's representatives, and the general contractor and subcontractors Life Cycle Assessment - Ana analysis of the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service Market Transformation - Systematic improvements in the performance of a market or market segment. Ex: EPA's Energy Star program has shifted the performance of homes, buildings, and appliances toward higher levels of energy efficiency by providing recognition and comparative performance information through its Energy Star labels Regenerative Design - Sustainable plans for built environments that improve existing conditions. Goes beyond reducing impacts to create positive change in the local and global environments - the level beyond sustainable Sustainability - Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland Commission) What constitutes the largest use of energy in buildings in the United States? - Space Heating Green building emphasizes using what type of design process? - Integrative What are the three dimensions of sustainability often described as the triple bottom line or the three legged stool? - Economic prosperity, environmental stewardship, and social responsibility
What life cycle assessment is used to determine the ___? - Environmental aspects and potential impacts of green building When is the best time to incorporate an integrative approach for a building project? - Predesign Credit weightings are based on ___? - Environmental impacts and human benefits Implementation of green building strategies such as daylighting, passive cooling, high efficiency mechanical systems, and stack ventilation contribute to what type of cost savings? - Reduced life cycle costs The installation of low flow faucet aerators at hand washing stations will result in which of the following? - Reduced energy use & reduced water use Which type of site is it environmentally preferable to build on? - Urban Infill Lot & Abandoned Strip Mall Green building improvements provide the best return on investment during which stage? - The earliest possible stage Studies show that in LEED buildings, the average annual energy intensity is lower than conventional buildings by _____. - 25% Which of the following tools is LEAST likely to assist in evaluating the potential life cycle costs and benefits of a green building design strategy? BIM; BEM; SWPPP; LCA; LCC - Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) LEED Interpretations - A project team can contribute to the evolution of the LEED rating system by submitting a request for precedent-setting rulings to be reviewed first by a GBCI certification reviewer and then by LEED staff and committee. What is the name of the third-party online forum written by professionals in the field that provides tips and guidance on applying LEED credits and the LEED Certification process? - LEEDuser Green label certifies the sustainability criteria of which product? - Carpet A LEED Project Team plans to use low-emitting materials. The qualities and attributes of these materials may also help to achieve which of the following credits: - Recycled Content and Regional Materials Reducing your building's electric consumption would impact which of the following LEED credits? - 1. EAc1: optimize energy performance
- EAc6: green power
- EAc2: on site renewable energy A LEED Project Team is designing a school. Which of the following credit topics presents the best opportunity for educating about green building and LEED Credits in a K-5 facility? - Protect and store habitat; heat island effect; water efficient landscaping When is Exemplary Performance allowed? - For a limited number of LEED credits, as specified in the relevant LEED Reference Guide Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs) are intended to request: - An alternate pathway for achieving an existing LEED credit A formal question asked of GBCI from the project team. These are submitted when teams require clarification on their approach to achieving a specific prerequisite or credit What is the primary purpose of LEED Online? - To facilitate the LEED registration and project certification process What broad concepts is LEED generally organized by? - 1. Innovation
- Advocacy and Policy
- Awareness and Education LEED for Neighborhood Development is a significantly different rating system because _____? - It has fewer, and different credit categories Which of the LEED rating systems have the same number of potential points and certification level thresholds? - LEED for Neighborhood Development; Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance; Healthcare The purpose of an Alternative Compliance Path is to - Enable International LEED teams to meet Credit Intent and Requirements with strategies that are more appropriate for that country. In Credit Templates, default values should never be changed? True or false? - False During the early design stages of a new construction project, the project team has decided to implement a vegetated roof. This feature can help contribute to achievement for which credits? - 1. SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design: Quantity
- SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect: Roof
- SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design: Quality Good daylighting design includes which strategies? - 1. Proper building orientation
- Light shelves What factors directly impact daylight calculations? - 1. Window Area
- Floor area
- Visible transmittance
Project teams use shielded, full cutoff exterior lighting fixtures in an effort to achieve what? - 1.. Decrease stress to nocturnal species
- Prevention of light trespass Two equally-sized sized neighboring stores are being constructed, and one is pursuing LEED certification. A new parking lot with fifty spaces will be shared by the two stores. The LEED Project Boundary includes: - 50% of the parking spaces, sidewalks, and landscaping Gerrymandering (manipulating) of a LEED Project Boundary is: - Prohibited LEED projects may include which of the following refrigerants? - Water, ammonia, HFCs Which of the following strategies is unique to Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance? - Solid Waste Management Policy Which strategy is unique to LEED for Schools? - Minimum acoustic performance What are the four levels of certification available to every project in any LEED rating system? - Certified (40-49 points) Silver (50-59 points) Gold (60-79 points) Platinum (80+ points) What is a realistic goal for a project team to set for a preliminary rating meeting? - To identify target credits and to determine target certification level Which two types of credits comprise all LEED rating systems? - Prerequisites and optional credits If a building is certified LEED Core and Shell which other possible certifications would the building or portions of the building most likely be able to attain? - 1. LEED Commercial Interiors
- LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance If a building owner has a LEED for New Construction certified building, what is the minimum amount of time that must pass to attain LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance? - 1 Year When certifying under the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance rating system, what is the minimum occupancy rate? - The building must be in a state of typical occupancy for at least 12 months prior to submitting for certification
Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs) are calculated as - Average annualized number of people who use the building What are benefits provided by windows? - 1. Operable windows allow occupants to control acoustic separation from outdoor sources of noise.
- Operable windows allow occupants to increase outdoor air ventilation to their area.
- Windows with operable shades allow occupants to modulate the level of daylight entering their area. USGBC logo artwork for propriety marks must be used from the - USGBC marketing department LEED is an acronym for - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design A Green Associate Candidate's approved exam application is valid for how long? - 1 year from the approval date What minimum competency score must candidates meet to successfully become a LEED Green Associate? - 170 How many Continuing Education hours must LEED Green Associates earn biennially? - 15 hours, 3 of which must be LEED-specific hours In 2008, transportation accounted for what percentage of total greenhouse gas emissions in the United States? - 33% A LEED for New Construction project is looking for the best site for their building. Incentivizing use of public transportation is a goal for the project. Which of the following are appropriate strategies for this? - Locate the project within easy walking distance of bus stops One strategy to address location and linkages is to encourage multiple modes of transportation which will - Enable walking and use of public transportation Which of the following places are considered community services? - Bank Dental Office Park Which of the following are considered community resources? - Hospital Restaurant Gymnasium In the case of new construction, what should be evaluated prior to site selection? - Zoning Codes
Building on greenfields is less appropriate for development because it: - Reduces land for open space and farming What causes the heat island effect in urban areas? - Heat island effect is a result of dark surfaces and roadways in urban areas that absorb and retain sun's heat during the day and slowly release the heat at night. A high solar reflectance index (SRI) roof would contribute to: - Reducing heat island effect Which is the correct value to look for to address heat island effect when you choose a roofing material? - SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) What types of water are considered 'nonpotable water' within the LEED rating system? -
- Captured rainwater
- Greywater 'Process Water' applications in a LEED project may include which of these examples? -
- Dishwashers
- Water associated with a manufacturing process
- Laundry facilities Process water: not drinking water; used for more industrial uses; gone through extensive treatment though A potential use for nonpotable, recycled greywater waste is - Irrigation Systems Which common building HVAC system component is a significant water user? - Cooling Tower What is the minimum performance period duration for Water Efficiency Credits within LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance rating system? - Three months What value does a water end-use profile provide to a project? - It defines the value of any particular measure for overall water conservation efforts. Stormwater management can include the collection and reuse of water for nonpotable purposes such as landscape irrigation, toilet and urinal flushing, and custodial uses. What does this help accomplish? - 1. To reduce stormwater runoff
- To avoid unnecessary consumption of expensive and energy intensive potable water What does the Construction Carbon Calculator from buildcarbonneutral.org do for a project? - 1. It estimates the potential of the landscape to release and sequester carbon.
- It provides an estimate that establishes a base number to clarify the carbon implications of the construction process.
What treaty banned the production of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and outlined a Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) phase-out Management Plan? - The Montreal Protocol If a project is in an existing building w/ limited roof area & a limited budget, which of the following are most reasonable strategies for the team 2pursue 2avoid contributions to greenhouse gas emissions? - 1. Reducing the project's energy use
- Offsetting emissions by purchasing Renewable Energy Credits For an average office building in the United States, _______ percent more energy is expended by office workers commuting to and from the building than is consumed by the building itself for heating, cooling, lighting, and other energy uses. - 30% The performance of most systems _________ with time, and thus a building's total emissions footprint incrementally ________ over time unless care is taken to maintain the systems properly. - Degrades / Increases Why does climate change merit special attention in LEED? - Buildings and land-use are responsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions How does the Guide to Purchasing Green Power help project teams? - It provides an overview of green power markets and describes the necessary steps to buying green power. Green Power - Refers to environmentally preferable energy and energy technologies that address both electric and thermal energy production On-site energy production typically involves which of the following? - A system that generates clean electricity REC = Renewable Energy Certificate The New Buildings Institute published a study in 2008 that investigated 121 LEED- certified commercial office buildings in the United States. They found that those buildings used _______ energy than the national average. - 24% Less In the LEED ratings system, green power Renewable Energy Certificates are certified by the - Center for Resource Solutions Green e-program Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) represent - Tradable commodities proving energy was produced by renewable sources The cost of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) is - Market-driven and paid to the renewable energy provider
What is the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)? - A tradable commodity representing proof that a unit of electricity was generated from a renewable energy resource. Recycled content, as it applies to LEED projects defined in accordance with the International Organization of Standards document, ISO 14021, addresses - Environmental labels and declarations Use of recycled materials in LEED projects are intended to - 1. Increase demand for products made with recycled materials
- Reduce impact of extraction practices Recycled material must: - Be inventoried (listed) based on material cost The intent of rewarding construction waste management is to - Reduce landfill use Locally-sourced materials have which of the following positive effects? - 1. Reducing air pollution from freight travel
- Limiting traffic on roadways
- Minimizing expansion of infrastructure LEED addresses locally harvested and manufactured materials through which of the following building products and systems? - Paving products The calculation for Regional Materials credit compliance is based on what factors? - 1. Cost of the total materials value
- Weight, if considering a fraction of a product The first step in determining whether a product is "regional" is - Verifying the manufacture location is within range of project site Strategies for waste reduction and diversion include what? - 1. Managing construction for less waste
- Identifying diversion opportunities
- Using prefabricated components Which waste streams should be tracked for rate of diversion? - 1. Gypsum
- Dimensional wood
- Cardboard What minimum percentage must a LEED for New Construction project recycle to be recognized for successfully implementing a construction waste management plan? - 50% What questions might a project team explore to determine which stakeholders should participate in an eco-charrette? - 1. Who are the neighbors?
- Who understands the natural processes at work on the site?
An approach in which all things find a new use at the end of their useful life is: - Cradle to Cradle What are considered in life cycle costing? - 1. Purchase costs
- Operating costs
- Maintenance cost The green building practice that emphasizes connections across professional areas of expertise for the entire life of a project is called a(n): - Integrated Process What's the primary role of community stakeholders in enhancing the durability of a project's design? - To provide historical context regarding potential sources of conflict with the surrounding community, including overlapping social and economic systems surrounding the project site. How is durability factored into a life cycle costing analysis? - The more durable the equipment, the fewer times it will need to be replaced over the life of the building. Which of the following is an accurate description of greenwashing? - Claims of green in promotional materials and advertising without providing accurate background information Two strategies to promote sustainable purchasing during design and operations are - Identify local sources of environmentally preferable products and develop a sustainable materials policy. How many credits within each rating system have been identified to have particular importance to specific geographical regions? - 6 Who is responsible for designating Regional Priority Credits? - USGBC's regional councils, chapters, and affiliates The award of an Innovation Credit for a strategy on one project guarantees a similar strategy will be awarded an Innovation Credit on a future project. - False What is the function of ASHRAE Standard 189.1: Standard for the Design of High- Performance Green Buildings? - It is a regulatory document that overlays traditional codes. The acronym IGCC stands for - International Green Construction Code ASHRAE, USGBC, and IES worked collaboratively to develop what regulatory document to overlay traditional building codes? - Green Codes Certificate Program ICC national code includes which of the following? - 1. Building Codes
- Landscaping Codes What percentage in use reductions can green buildings have? - Energy use: 24-50% CO2 Emissions: 33-39% Water Use: 40% Solid Waste: 70% GBCI - Green Building Certification Institute - provides third party project certification and professional credentials recognizing excellence in green building performance and practice. Differences in mission between USGBC and GBCI - USGBC: "transform the way buildings and communities are designed, built, and operated..." GBCI: "support a high level of competence in building methods for environmental efficiency through the development and administration of a formal program of certification and recertification" Categories: SS WE EA MR IEQ ID IO - Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation in Design Innovation in Operations Which impact categories does LEED place the heaviest weight? - 1. Climate Change
- Indoor Environmental Quality
- Resource Depletion
- Human Health Criteria
- Water Intake What project types are eligible for LEED? - 1. Must comply with environmental laws
- Must be a complete, permanent building or space
- Must be a reasonable site boundary
- Must comply with minimum floor area requirements: 1,000 sf of gross floor area for most; 250 sf for Comm Interiors
- Must comply with minimum occupancy rates: must serve 1 or more FTE occupants; existing buildings must be in a state of typical physical occupancy
- Must commit to sharing whole building energy and water use data for a period of at least 5 years
- Must comply with minimum building area to site area ratio: gross floor areas of no less than 2% of the gross land area within the LEED project boundary LEED Documentation Guidelines when submitting for Certification - 1. Project narrative
- Project photographs and renderings
- Elevations
- Typical floor plans
- Project detais
- Distinguish project boundary, LEED project boundary, and property boundary How many levels of LEED Professional Accreditation are available? - 3 - Green Associate, LEED AP, LEED AP Fellow Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the USGBC? - Providing and developing LEED based education and research programs The carbon overlay in LEED is used for what purpose? - To prioritize the relative impact of credits on greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon overlay considers the impact of direct energy use, transportation, and the embodied emissions of water, solid waste, and materials. What is the procedure required to achieve LEED certification? - Register a project with GBCI, pay applicable review fees, and submit documentation What is the earliest point at which a LEED for Schools project can be certified? - After building completion and once all submittals and clarifications are reviewed. The licensed-professional exemption is used by a project team to do what? - Bypass otherwise required submittals LEED TAG - Technical Advisory Group: a committee consisting of industry experts who assist in interpreting credits and developing technical improvements to the LEED Green Building Rating System Four key components of Sustainable Sites (SS) - Transportation Site Selection Site Design & Management Stormwater Management Sustainable Sites: Transportation - Main Strategies - 1. locate the project near mass transit
- Limit parking
- Encourage Carpooling
- Offer Incentives - bikers
- Support Alternative Transportation - help occupants know their options for commuting
- Promote Alternative-Fueled Vehicles Sustainable Sites: Site Selection - Main Strategies - 1. Increase density
- Choose redevelopment
- Protect Habitat Sustainable Sites: Site Design & Management - Main Strategies - 1. Build small - efficient spaces
- Minimize hardscape - reduce runoff
- Minimize water usage
- Use reflective materials - reduce heat island
- Develop a sustainable management plan
- Reduce light pollution - reduce light trespass Sustainable Sites: Stormwater Management - Main Strategies - 1. Minimize impervious area - keep the water on site (green roofs and pervious pavers)
- Control stormwater - slow down water (bioswales and rain gardens)
- Harvest rainwater What metric is the best indicator of transportation impacts associated with a building project? - Vehicle miles travelled Decreasing impervious surfaces on a project site will ____? - Reduce stormwater runoff What is acknowledged as one of the greatest threats to surface water quality? - Non- point source pollution Building Density - The floor area of the building divided by the total area of the site (square feet per acre) Development Density - The total square footage of all buildings within a particular area, measured in square feet per acre or units per acre Floor to Area Ratio - The relationship between the total building floor area and the allowable land area the building can cover - the objective is to build up, rather than out Street Grid Density - An indicator of neighborhood density, calculated as the number of centerline miles per square mile. Centerline miles are the length of the road down its center. Transportation Demand Management - The process of reducing peak-period vehicle trips Water Efficiency: Indoor Water - Main Strategies - 1. Use efficient fixtures
- use nonpotable water
- Install meters Water Efficiency: Outdoor Water - Main Strategies - 1. Choose locally adapted plants
- Use xeriscaping - native plants, efficient use
- Select efficient irrigation technologies
- Use nonpotable water
- Install submeters Water Efficiency: Process Water - Main Strategies - 1. Use efficient strategies
- Use nonpotable water - close loop systems
- Install submeters What is the primary standard used to establish the baseline case for indoor water use? - Energy Policy Act of 1992 What is reduced when a project uses reclaimed water in its cooling towers? - Potable water use Wastewater from toilets and urinals is known as ___? - Blackwater What is the baseline water use for water closets? - 1.6 gallons per flush Municipally supplied reclaimed water is considered ____? - Nonpotable water Process water can be reduced by ____? - 1. Installing submeters
- Using energy star certified clothes washers Wastewater - The spent or used water from a home, community, farm, or industry that contains dissolved or suspended matter. Energy & Atmosphere: Energy Demand - Main Strategies - 1. Establish design and energy goals
- Size the building appropriately
- Use free energy - heated, cooled, lit, ventilated
- Insulate - efficiency
- Monitor consumption The energy use of a building comes mostly from where? - 1. Lighting - 33%
- Chiller - 25%
- Boiler - 23% Energy & Atmosphere: Energy Efficiency - Main Strategies - 1. Identify passive design opportunities - use the natural attributes of the site (light)
- Address the building envelope - determined by climatic factors
- Install high performance mechanical systems
- Specify high efficiency appliances - Energy Star
- Use energy simulation models
- Use high efficiency infrastructure - because long hours of use
- Use thermal energy storage - capture/reject heat during the day/night
- Capture efficiencies of scale - can use a district system that provides thermal conditioning to multiple buildings Energy & Atmosphere: Renewable Energy - Main Strategies - 1. Generate on site renewable energy - solar hot water heats and solar panels
- Purchase off site renewable energy - green power Energy & Atmosphere: Ongoing Energy Performance - Main Strategies - 1. Adhere to owner's project requirements
- Provide staff training
- Conduct preventive maintenance
- Create incentives for occupants and tenants What is the first step a project team should consider when trying to save energy? - Reduce energy demand What strategy is being used for a project design that orients windows to allow the building to be warm in the winter, stay cool int eh summer, and capture daylight? - Passive design concepts To what do renewable energy certificates (RECs) refer? - Off-site renewable energy purchases One of the most cost effective ays to ensure optimal ongoing energy performance is to ____? - Commission building systems Refrigerants are categorized based on what 2 impacts? - Global warming potential & Ozone depletion potential Which primary factors should be considered to minimize the environmental impact of an HVAC system? - 1. Expected life
- Energy performance Energy use associated with office equipment, kitchen cooking, and escalators is known as ____? - Process energy Materials & Resources: Material Selection - Main Strategies - 1. Develop a construction purchasing policy
- Specify green materials
- Specify green interiors - no VOC; bamboo floors
- Develop a sustainable purchasing policy
- Specify green electronic equipment
Materials & Resources: Waste Management - Main Strategies - 1. Size the building appropriately
- Reuse existing buildings or portions of existing buildings
- Reuse building materials
- Develop a construction waste management policy
- Consider new technology, design, and construction decisions
- Compost
- Encourage recycling How many years can an agricultural product grow or be raised to be considered as rapidly renewable by LEED? - 10 or less What is the first step in a successful waste management policy? - Reduce the total quantity of waste - then reuse, then recycle LEED defines regional materials as originating within ____? - 500 miles of the project site According to the EPA, what percentage of solid waste is currently recycled in the United States? - 32% A building material that is made from recycled soda bottles contains? - Post-consumer recycled content Ongoing consumables are consumed during which of the following? - Occupancy only Ongoing consumables: goods with a low cost per unit that are regularly used and replaced in the course of business (ex: paper, batteries, soap, etc.) Which environmentally preferable attributes of materials does LEED recognize (select 3)? - 1. Are harvested and manufactured regionally
- Contain recycled content
- Are salvaged By-Product - A material, other than the principal product, generated as a consequence of an industrial process or as a breakdown product in a living system Post-Consumer Recycled Content - The % of a material in a product that was consumer waste. Pre-Consumer Recycled Content - The % of a material in a product that was recycled from manufacturing waste. Sustainable Forestry - Management of forest resources to meet the long-term forest product needs of humans while maintaining the biodiversity of forested landscapes
Sustained-Yield Forestry - Management of a forest to produce in perpetuity a high-level annual or regular periodic output, through a a balance between increment and cutting Indoor Environmental Quality: Indoor Air Quality - Main Strategies - 1. Prohibit smoking
- Ensure adequate ventilation - bring in outdoor air
- Monitor carbon dioxide
- Install high efficiency air filters
- Specify low emitting materials
- Use integrated pest management
- Protect air quality during construction
- Conduct a flush out once construction is complete
- Employ a green cleaning program Indoor Environmental Quality: Thermal Comfort, Lighting, and Acoustics - Main Strategies - 1. Use daylighting
- Install operable windows
- Give occupants temperature and ventilation control
- Give occupants lighting control
- Consider acoustics
- Conduct occupant surveys According to the EPA, what percentage of time do Americans spend indoors? - 90% Thermal comfort is typically attributed to what environmental factors? - Temperature, humidity, and air speed The abbreviation VOC refers to ____? - Volatile organic compounds What strategy supports improved indoor air quality? - Design systems to deliver ample outside air A school project in predesign wants to incorporate building strategies to maximize student learning. Which strategies should be considered to achieve this goal? - 1. Incorporate daylight into classrooms
- Consider acoustical issues in core learning spaces An operable window is considered what type of control? - Thermal comfort - air speed and temperature Demand controlled ventilation is typically adjusted din response to _____? - Carbon dioxide concentrations - adjusted based on building occupancy Where is it also important to prohibit smoking to reduce occupant exposure to harmful airborne chemicals? (select 2) - 1. Near building entrances
- Adjacent to building air intakes
Ambient Temperature - The temperature of the surrounding air or other medium ASHRAE - American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers Bake Out - Process to remove VOCs before occupancy - involves elevating the building` temperature MERV Rating - Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value A rating that indicates the efficiency of air filters in the mechanical system. 1- Off-Gassing - The emission of volatile organic compounds from synthetic to natural products Innovation in Design: Exemplary Performance Credit - When would it be available? - Teams can earn this by implementing strategies that result in performance that greatly exceeds the level or scope required by an existing LEED prerequisite or credit. Evaluated through the CIR process
- Significantly diverting construction waste beyond the requirement of 75% Innovation in Design: Accredited Professionals Credit - - Multidisciplinary expertise in sustainable building principles and operational practices. Having a LEED AP on the team Projects can identify which credits have regional priority by ____? - Checking the USGBC website - they maintain a list by zip code An Innovation in Design credit for innovative strategies is likely available for projects that ____? - Develop an educational outreach program - goal is to expand the breadth of green building practices and introduce new ideas; address environmental issues not addressed elsewhere Water End Use Profile - It defines the value of any particular measure for overall water conservation efforts.