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Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care
Test Bank 2024 - 2025
Accelerated Approval - Regulations adopted in 1992 by the FDA to permit accelerated approval of medicines for life-threatening diseases. Acetaminophen - Generic name for Tylenol, used for pain relief. Acetaminophen Dosage - 650 mg every 6 hours as needed for pain. Acetaminophen-Hydrocodone - Combination medication for moderate pain relief. Active Ingredient - Component responsible for the drug's therapeutic effect. Active Tubular Secretion - Transport of drugs from blood to urine. Adjunct Therapy - Non-medicinal treatments supporting medicine therapy. Adrenal Cortex Medicines - Drugs for disorders of adrenal hormone production. Adrenergic Agonists - Drugs that stimulate adrenergic receptors. Adrenergic Antagonists - Drugs that block adrenergic receptors. Adverse Medicine Events - Harmful effects resulting from medication use. Adverse Medicine Reactions - Unintended, harmful effects resulting from medication use. Adverse Reaction - Unexpected harmful response to a medication. Adverse Reactions - Unintended, harmful responses to medication. Affinity - Strength of attraction between a medicine and its receptor. Age - Affects drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. Aged Cheeses - Foods high in tyramine, contraindicated with MAO inhibitors. Agonist - Substance that activates a receptor to produce a response. Agonist Actions - Effects produced by substances activating receptors. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) - Another liver enzyme monitored for hepatotoxicity.
Albuterol - Bronchodilator used for asthma management. Allergic Reaction - Immune response to a medication, potentially severe. Allergic Rhinitis Medicines - Drugs treating nasal allergies and congestion. Allocation Bias - Occurs when researchers place subjects with desired characteristics in the study group and others in the control group. Alzheimer's Disease Medications - Drugs that treat cognitive decline in Alzheimer's. Aminoglycosides - Antibiotics that kill bacteria by protein synthesis inhibition. Amoxicillin - The generic name; the suffix '-Cillin' indicates that it belongs to the penicillin class of antibiotics. Analgesic - Medication used to relieve pain. Analgesic Medication - Drugs used to relieve pain. Anaphylaxis - Severe, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate treatment. Androgens - Male hormones influencing male characteristics. Angina Pectoris Medicines - Drugs used to relieve chest pain from ischemia. Antacids - Medicines that neutralize stomach acid without receptor interaction. Antagonists - Substances that block receptor activity. Antiadrenergic Agents - Drugs that inhibit adrenergic activity. Anticoagulants - Medications that prevent blood clot formation. Antidepressants - Drugs used to treat depressive disorders. Antidysrhythmic Medicines - Medications that correct abnormal heart rhythms. Antiemetic - Medication used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting. Antihistamine - Medication sometimes given for allergic reactions. Antihistamines - Medications that counteract allergic reactions. Antihypertensive Medication - Drugs used to manage high blood pressure.
Blinding in Studies - Ensures that researchers or subjects (or both) are unaware of which subjects are in which group to prevent bias. Blood Glucose Ranges - Target levels for managing diabetes mellitus. Bound Medicine - Medication attached to plasma proteins, reducing activity. Boxed Warning - Alerts to serious side effects of medications. Breastfeeding and Medications - Lipid-soluble drugs may enter breast milk. Calcium Channel Blockers - Drugs that inhibit calcium entry into cells. Calcium Interaction - Effect of calcium on the absorption of certain medications. Calcium Level Medicines - Drugs affecting calcium metabolism and bone health. Chelating Agents - Compounds that bind and remove metals from the body. Chemical Stability - Medicine's ability to maintain integrity over time. Chest Radiograph - X-ray to assess lung conditions. Childhood Immunization - Vaccination schedule for children. Cholesterol Medicines - Drugs that normalize cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Cholestyramine - Adsorbent that prevents absorption of other drugs. Cholinesterase Inhibitors - Drugs that prevent breakdown of acetylcholine. Cipro - A trade name without segments that indicate its pharmacologic class. Clinical Pharmacology - Focus on medicine-human interactions. Clinical Trials - Proceed in stages, each with guidelines defining how a new medicine may be used and which patients may receive it. CNS Depression - Central nervous system slowdown, worsened by alcohol. CNS Pharmacology - Study of drugs affecting the central nervous system. CNS Sensitivity - Increased response to drugs affecting the brain. CNS Stimulants - Drugs that increase brain activity, often for ADHD.
Coadministration - Simultaneous administration of multiple medications. Communication Mistakes - Errors due to unclear prescriptions or instructions. Competition for Binding - When two drugs vie for the same binding site. Complementary Therapy - Alternative treatments alongside conventional medicine. Compliance - Patient's adherence to prescribed medication regimen. Costs of Testing - Testing for all side effects of a medication would be prohibitively expensive. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Drugs reducing inflammation and pain. CYP Isoenzymes - Enzymes that metabolize drugs in the liver. Cystitis - Bladder infection, not typically causing excretion issues. Cytochrome P450 Levels - Indicators of liver enzyme activity affecting drug metabolism. Decreased Drug Absorption - Reduced intake of medication due to interactions. Decreased Selectivity - Reduced specificity of receptor sites for substances. Deficiency Anemias Medicines - Drugs treating anemias caused by nutrient deficiencies. Desensitization - Decreased responsiveness of receptors after prolonged exposure. Diabetes Mellitus Medicines - Drugs managing blood glucose levels. Diet History - Record of a patient's food intake to assess interactions. Digoxin - Heart medication requiring pulse assessment before dosing. Dissolution Rate - Speed at which a drug dissolves in the body. Diuretics - Drugs that promote urine production. Dosage Order - Instructions detailing medication, dose, route, and frequency. Dosing Frequency - How often a medication is administered. Drowsiness - Common side effect of certain analgesics.
Furosemide - Diuretic medication used to reduce fluid retention. Gastric Upset - Discomfort or adverse reactions in the stomach. Gastrointestinal Medicines - Drugs treating various GI disorders. Gender - Can alter physiological responses to medications. General Anesthetics - Drugs that induce unconsciousness for surgery. Generalized Itching - Widespread itching, potentially indicating an allergic reaction. Genetic Considerations - Impact of genetics on drug metabolism and response. Genetic Factors - Influence individual responses to medications. Genetic Testing - Analyzing DNA to predict drug metabolism. Gentamicin - Antibiotic that can bind weakly to albumin. Geriatric Pharmacology - Medication considerations for older adults. Glomerular Filtration - Process filtering blood to form urine. Glucocorticoids - Steroids used to reduce inflammation. Glucuronidation - Liver process that enhances drug excretion. Gout Medicines - Drugs treating gout and uric acid levels. Grapefruit Juice - Inhibits CYP3A4, affecting drug metabolism. Half-Life - Time taken for drug concentration to reduce by half. Healthcare Team - Collaborative group providing patient care. Heart Failure Medicines - Drugs that improve heart function and symptoms. Height - Does not affect response; weight and the distribution of adipose tissue can affect the distribution of medicines. Hematopoietic Agents - Medications that stimulate blood cell production. Hemodynamics - Study of blood flow and its properties. Hemophilia Medicines - Drugs to manage bleeding disorders.
Hepatic Side Effects - Adverse reactions affecting liver function from medications. Hepatotoxicity - Liver damage caused by substances, including medications. High-Risk Patients - Individuals more likely to experience medication errors. Hydrocodone - Opioid pain medication combined with acetaminophen. Hypertension Medicines - Drugs used to lower high blood pressure. Hypothalamic Medicines - Drugs affecting hypothalamic and pituitary functions. Iatrogenic Effects - Disease-like symptoms caused by medication. Iatrogenic Response - Symptoms caused by medical treatment or intervention. Idiosyncratic Effect - Uncommon response to a drug due to genetic factors. Idiosyncratic Effects - Unpredictable reactions based on genetic predisposition. Illegible Prescription - Unclear writing causing medication errors. Immune Response to Medication - Decreased effectiveness due to body adaptation. Immune System Review - Overview of immune system functions and disorders. Immunomodulators - Drugs that modify immune system activity. Immunosuppressants - Drugs that reduce immune system activity. Increased Free Drug Levels - Higher unbound drug concentration in plasma. Individual Variation - Differences in drug responses among patients. Inducing Agent - Stimulates CYP isoenzymes, increasing drug metabolism. Infant Liver Maturity - Slower drug metabolism due to immature liver. Infant Medication Risks - Young children face higher medication error risks. Infant Renal Function - Less efficient drug excretion in infants. Infertility Medicines - Drugs assisting in conception and pregnancy. Infusion Device Malfunction - Device failure leading to medication administration errors.
Medication Frequency - How often a medication is to be administered. Medication Guide - Document detailing drug effects and risks. Medication Information Manual - Resource providing details on drug effects and interactions. Medication Interaction - Effects when two or more drugs are taken together. Medication Interactions - Effects when multiple drugs are taken together. Medication Manual - Resource for verifying medication information and guidelines. Medication Order - Provider's directive for patient medication administration. Medication Toxicity - Adverse effects from excessive drug levels. Medication Toxicity Risk - Potential for harmful effects due to medication levels. Medicine Efficacy - Extent of medicine's intended effect. Medicine Overdose - Excessive intake of medication causing harm. Medicine Safety Information - Evaluating medicine safety information that emerges after a medicine has been approved and is in use is a focus of the FDAAA. Medicine Toxicity - Harmful effects from excessive medication intake. Medicine Trials - Limited by a relatively small group of subjects who may not have all the characteristics of people who will be using the medicine. Metered-Dose Inhaler - Device delivering specific medication doses. Monitoring Protocols - Guidelines for observing patient reactions to medications. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor - A medication for depression that requires dietary restrictions. Morphine - Opioid medication that can cause multiple physiological responses. Morphine Sulfate - Opioid used for severe pain management. Morphine Toxicity - Adverse effects from excessive morphine use. Motrin - A trade name without segments that indicate its pharmacologic class.
Muscarinic Agonists - Drugs that stimulate muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic Antagonists - Drugs that block muscarinic receptors. Naloxone - Opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose effects. Name Confusion - Mistakes from similar-sounding medication names. Narrow Therapeutic Index - Indicates a medication is relatively unsafe and requires monitoring. Narrow Therapeutic Range - Small margin between effective and toxic drug levels. Nausea - Feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit. Nausea Symptoms - Indicates potential toxicity from medication. Negative Placebo Effect - Diminished treatment response due to low expectations. Neuropharmacology - Study of drugs affecting the nervous system. Nonproprietary Names - Generic names that may indicate drug classification. Nonproprietary Names for Medicines - Assigned by the U.S. Adopted Names Council, ensuring that each medicine has only one name. Nonpunitive Environment - A setting that encourages learning from mistakes. Nonpunitive Error Tracking - Approach to monitor medication errors without blame. Nurse's Scope of Practice - Boundaries of nursing responsibilities and actions. Nursing Process - Systematic approach for patient care and assessment. Opioid Analgesics - Drugs that relieve pain by acting on opioid receptors. Optimistic Assessment - Positive outlook on medication effectiveness. Oral Administration - Taking medication by mouth in various forms. Oral Contraceptives - Medications to prevent pregnancy, affected by certain drugs. Oral Medication Administration - Requires infant cooperation for safe swallowing. Oral Route - Medication absorption takes at least 45 minutes.
Penicillins - Antibiotics that weaken bacterial cell walls. Peptic Ulcer Medicines - Drugs treating stomach and intestinal ulcers. pH-Dependent Ionization - Influences drug excretion based on urine pH. Pharmaceutical Advertising - Marketing that influences patient perceptions of drugs. Pharmacodynamics - Study of drug effects and mechanisms of action. Pharmacogenomics - Study of how genes affect drug response. Pharmacokinetics - How the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs. Pharmacologic Classification - Information about the medicine's pharmacologic classification is indicated by the suffix in the generic name. Pharmacology - Study of drug effects on biological systems. Pharmacotherapeutics - Study of medicines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Phenobarbital - A seizure medication that induces CYP enzymes. Physical Assessment - Evaluation of patient's physical condition and response. Physiologic Factors - Body's inherent characteristics influencing receptor selectivity. Placebo Effect - Improvement due to patient expectations, not drug action. Plasma Albumin - Protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. Plasma Levels of Free Medicine - Concentration of unbound medication in blood plasma. Plasma Medicine Level Test - Blood test to confirm medication toxicity levels. Plasma Medicine Levels - Concentration of medication in the bloodstream. Plateau Level - Steady state concentration achieved after multiple doses. Postmarketing Surveillance - Takes place after a medicine is in general use. Potency - Measure of a drug's effectiveness at a given concentration.
Potentiative Effects - One medication intensifies the effects of another. Preclinical Testing - Must be completed before medicines can be tested in humans; evaluates medicines for toxicities, pharmacokinetic properties, and potentially useful effects. Prescription Medications - Drugs prescribed by a healthcare provider. PRN Medication - Given as needed, not on a fixed schedule. PRN Medications - Medications given as needed for symptoms. Progestins - Hormones that regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Provider Communication - Discussing medication concerns with healthcare providers. Pruritus - Itching sensation often indicating allergic reaction. QT Interval - Time between heartbeats, prolonged by certain drugs. Randomization in Medicine Trials - Used to ensure that differences in outcomes are the result of treatment and not differences in subjects. Receptor Binding - Process altering receptor activity by medication interaction. Receptor Synthesis - Production of more receptor sites in response to medication. Recognizable Trade Name - Brand name under which a medicine is sold. Renal Function - Kidney's ability to excrete medications. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - Hormonal system regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Researcher Bias - Researchers tend to conduct studies that will prove the benefits of their new medicines. Respiratory Depression - Decreased respiratory rate, potentially life-threatening. Rheumatoid Arthritis Medicines - Drugs managing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Right Documentation - Recording reasons for medication administration. Right Dose - Correct amount of medication for patient. Right Patient - Ensuring medication is given to the correct individual.
Substance Use Disorders - Conditions related to the misuse of drugs. Sulfonamides - Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial folic acid synthesis. Sustained-Release Preparation - Releases medication over time to reduce dosing frequency. Tapering Doses - Gradually reducing medication to avoid withdrawal. Temperature Measurement - Assessment of body temperature for infection signs. Teratogenic Effects - Adverse effects on fetal development from medications. Tetracycline - An antibiotic affected by antacids and dairy. Therapeutic Doses - Dosages of medication intended to achieve desired effects. Therapeutic Effects - Desired beneficial effects of a medication. Therapeutic Index - Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose. Thrombolytic Medicines - Drugs that dissolve blood clots. Thyroid Disorder Medicines - Drugs treating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Tobacco Smoke Exposure - Environmental factor affecting respiratory health. Topical Analgesics - Pain relief medications applied directly to the skin. Toxic Dose - Amount of medication causing harmful effects in the body. Toxic Levels - Excessive drug concentration causing harmful effects. Toxic Side Effects - Adverse effects requiring organ function monitoring. Trade Names - Approved by the FDA and are easier to remember than nonproprietary names. Treatment Outcome Comparison - Comparing treatment outcome to no treatment outcome is the definition of a controlled study. Tubular Reabsorption - Process of reabsorbing substances from urine to blood. Tylenol - A trade name without segments that indicate its pharmacologic class. Tyramine - A compound in aged cheeses that raises blood pressure.
Unknown Side Effects of FDA Approved Medicines - Some side effects go undetected until the medicine is in use due to limited subject representation in trials. Urinary pH Alteration - Changing urine acidity to enhance drug excretion. Urinary Tract Infection Medicines - Drugs treating infections in the urinary system. Uterine Function Medicines - Drugs affecting uterine contractions and functions. Vasodilators - Medications that relax blood vessel walls. Vital Signs - Indicators of a patient's physiological status. Vitamin K - Interferes with warfarin effects, found in certain foods. Vitamins - Essential nutrients for various body functions. Volume Agents - Medications affecting body fluid volume and ions. Weight Loss Medicines - Drugs aiding in weight management. Wheezing - High-pitched sound during breathing, may indicate obstruction.
