Sampling Techniques and Margin of Error in Statistics, Study notes of Mathematics

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often referred to as the “universe”

the totality of objects, individuals or things under consideration

a group of phenomena that have something in common

All registered voters in City of Malolos

All members of the International Machinists Union

All Filipinos who played basketball at least once in the past year

All daily maximum temperatures in July for major Manila cities

All basal ganglia cells from a particular rhesus monkey

a part of the population selected for analysis

a finite part of statistical population whose properties are studied to gain information about the whole

Economy

Timeliness

Large size of many population

Inaccessibility of some population

Destructive nature of the observation

Reliability or accuracy

A sample is expected to mirror the population from which it comes from. Sample reflects the characteristics of the population, so those sample findings can be generalized to the population. This serves as a basis for conducting computations for the margin of error.

Elections

Which is more reliable, the result of the opinion poll or the national election? Why?

The result of the election includes the whole population (all Filipino voters) while polls only include a representative (sample) from the population.

N= 1000

a.) n= 50 c.) n= 500 b.) n= 250 d.) n= 800

It is expected as the sample size approaches the size of population, maximum reliability is expected among the estimates of the results.

MOE= ± 2.2%

the gap between the Statistics and Parameter

this indicates the radius of confidence interval

asserts how close is the result from the sample and the result from the population

applies whenever one uses a sample instead of population

the gap between the 100% reliability and the maximum reliability.

If Trump had a 62%, it would mean that the parameter ranges from 59.8% to 64.2%. For Clinton, it would mean that the parameter ranges from 37.8% to 42.2%.

n= sample size

N= population size

e= margin of error

1. A group of student researchers is conducting a survey to find out the opinion of Psychology students in BSU about playing computer games. If there are 1200 Psychology students and the researchers decided to have a 5% margin of error, what should be the sample size?