Cell Membrane Function and Structure | Study Guides, Projects, Research Biology

Name: ______________________________ Team: ______________ SJ Page# _____

Lesson: Cell Membrane

SC.912.L.14.2 Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells.

Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport).

Learning Objectives

1. Students will be able to explain how the structure of organelles is related to their

function.

2. Students will predict direction of movement of water or solutes through a

selectively permeable membrane.

3. Students will describe the structure of the cell membrane and explain how it

contributes to its function.

Essential Questions

How do materials enter and leave the cell?

Bellringer

1. Which of the following options below correctly labels each organic compound structure?

A. 1 – carbohydrate; 2 – protein; 3 – lipid

B. 1 – protein; 2 – lipid; 3 – carbohydrate

C. 1 – lipid; 2 – carbohydrate; 3 – protein

D. 1 – lipid; 2 – protein; 3 – carbohydrate

2. A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists mostly of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the

substance is soluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecule is the

unknown substance most likely to be?

A. Carbohydrate - monosaccharide

B. lipid - triglyceride

C. nucleic acid - DNA

D. Protein - enzyme

3. Cell membrane is found in

both eukaryotic plants and

animals and prokaryotic

bacteria. What type of

macromolecule makes up the

cell membrane?

A. Protein, enzyme

B. Nucleic acid, DNA

C. Lipid, phospholipid

D. Carbohydrates,

polysaccharide

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

When solutes or water move “against the flow” from __________to________ concentration

this is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT as ENERGY is needed to pump solute or water “uphill.”

Example: Protein Pump - A protein molecule acting as a “pump” to move solutes from

LOW to HIGH concentration which requires energy.

WATER HOMEOSTASIS

Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & water loss. When conditions outside the cell

changes, and if a cell is unable maintain water homeostasis, it will become unhealthy, can get

sick and eventually die. There are three conditions that describe different water concentrations

inside and outside the cell.

Hypotonic Solution

High concentration of water around cell, cell __________ water

Example: Paramecium, single celled organism in freshwater

Problem: cells gain water, swell & can burst (lysed)

(water continually enters Paramecium cell)

solution: contractile vacuole

(pumps water out of cell)

What structure found in plant cells, but not in animal cells prevent

plant cells from becoming lysed? ________________________

Hypertonic Solution

Lower concentration of water around cell, cell _______ water

Example: Saltwater - cells in salt water

problem: cell loses water

in plants: plasmolysis

in animals: shrinking cell

solution: take up water

Isotonic Solution

Balanced conditions - no difference in concentration of water

between cell & environment; cell is in equilibrium.

The amount of water molecules flowing into the cell

equals the amount flowing out of the cell.

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Name: ______________________________ Team: ______________ SJ Page# _____

Lesson: Cell Membrane

SC.912.L.14.2 Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport). Learning Objectives

Students will be able to explain how the structure of organelles is related to their function.
Students will predict direction of movement of water or solutes through a selectively permeable membrane.
Students will describe the structure of the cell membrane and explain how it contributes to its function. Essential Questions How do materials enter and leave the cell? Bellringer
Which of the following options below correctly labels each organic compound structure? A. 1 – carbohydrate; 2 – protein; 3 – lipid B. 1 – protein; 2 – lipid; 3 – carbohydrate C. 1 – lipid; 2 – carbohydrate; 3 – protein D. 1 – lipid; 2 – protein; 3 – carbohydrate
A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecule is the unknown substance most likely to be? A. Carbohydrate - monosaccharide B. lipid - triglyceride C. nucleic acid - DNA D. Protein - enzyme
Cell membrane is found in both eukaryotic plants and animals and prokaryotic bacteria. What type of macromolecule makes up the cell membrane? A. Protein, enzyme B. Nucleic acid, DNA C. Lipid, phospholipid D. Carbohydrates, polysaccharide

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

When solutes or water move “against the flow” from __________ to ________ concentration this is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT as ENERGY is needed to pump solute or water “uphill.” Example: Protein Pump - A protein molecule acting as a “pump” to move solutes from LOW to HIGH concentration which requires energy. WATER HOMEOSTASIS Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & water loss. When conditions outside the cell changes, and if a cell is unable maintain water homeostasis, it will become unhealthy, can get sick and eventually die. There are three conditions that describe different water concentrations inside and outside the cell. Hypotonic Solution High concentration of water around cell, cell __________ water Example : Paramecium, single celled organism in freshwater Problem: cells gain water, swell & can burst ( lysed ) (water continually enters Paramecium cell) solution: contractile vacuole (pumps water out of cell) What structure found in plant cells, but not in animal cells prevent plant cells from becoming lysed? ________________________ Hypertonic Solution Lower concentration of water around cell, cell _______ water Example : Saltwater - cells in salt water problem: cell loses water in plants: plasmolysis in animals: shrinking cell solution: take up water Isotonic Solution Balanced conditions - no difference in concentration of water between cell & environment; cell is in equilibrium. The amount of water molecules flowing into the cell equals the amount flowing out of the cell.

GUIDED NOTES - CELL MEMBRANE

The cell membrane is an organelle structure found in both _____________________ animal and plant cells and prokaryotic bacteria cells. The membrane helps regulate homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment - in the cell by controlling what enters (nutrients) and exits (waste) the cell. Cells need to allow some materials — but not all — to pass through the membrane. This is called __________________________ (selectively permeable ) = only some material can get in or out. There are multiple ways that the cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell. The two ways in which molecules enter and exit the cell are ___________________ transport and ________________ transport. PASSIVE TRANSPORT When solutes move or “go with the flow” from ___________ to _____________ concentration this is called PASSIVE TRANSPORT as _________________ needed. There are two forms of passive transport of material in and out of the cell – DIFFUSION and FACILITATED DIFFUSION.

Simple Diffusion - ___________ macromolecules, like LIPID TRIGLYCERIDES – FATS and OILS can pass directly through the phospholipid layers that make up the cell membrane. Additionally, some very small molecules like oxygen (O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) can also flow through.
Faciliated Diffusion - _______________ macromolecules, CARBOHYDRATES - SUGAR, need to use _____________”door” molecules that act as a door in the membrane allowing non-polar molecules through. - HIGH to LOW CONCENTRATION GRADIENT - The movement of water or solutes is also based on the water or solute concentrations inside and outside the cell membrane. Simple ___________________ POLAR molecules move across the cell membrane from HIGH to LOW concentration. This is called passive transport as NO ENERGY needed. Osmosis Diffusion of WATER across the cell membrane is specifically called OSMOSIS. Water also moves across the cell membrane from HIGH to LOW concentration and is also a passive transport as NO ENERGY needed. ___________________ Diffusion NON-POLAR molecules move from HIGH to LOW through a protein channel. This is called passive transport as NO ENERGY needed. concentration concentration

Name: _____________________________________ Team: ______________ SJ Page# _____ PRACTICE WORKSHEET CELL MEMBRANE SC.912.L.14.2 Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport). We Do Practice

Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+^ ions are being pumped from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane? A. active transport B. passive transport C. facilitated diffusion D. co-transport
Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells. She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. cell membrane C. cell wall D. nucleus
The images that follow show cells of different concentrations placed in beakers of different concentrations. For the two examples, DRAW an ARROW to indicate the direction that the solute will flow AND DRAW an ARROW with a “W” to indicate the direction that the water will flow. Answer the questions that follow. Below are two examples. You Do Practice
The following chart contains information about the structure and function of cells. Which of the following correctly completes the chart in order from 1-4? A. Chloroplast, Ribosome, Plant Cell, Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Mitochondria, Ribosome, Animal Cell, Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Chloroplast, Ribosome, Plant and Animal Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Mitochondria, Ribosome, Plant and Animal Cell, Endoplasmic Reticulum
The illustrations show osmosis in cells exposed to different external conditions. Use the illustrations and your knowledge of osmosis to explain which cell (1,2, or 3) would need a mechanism to remove water to survive and why. A. Cell 1 is in a hypotonic solution. With the high concentration of water around cell, the cell gains too much water causing the cell to lose homeostasis and the cell membrane rupture (lyses). B. Cell 1 is in a hypertonic solution. With lower concentration of water around cell, Example 1 Example 2

the cell loses to much water causing the cell to lose homeostasis and the cell membrane will shrivel. C. Cell 2 is in a hypotonic solution. With the high concentration of water around cell, the cell gains too much water causing the cell to lose homeostasis and the cell membrane rupture (lyses). D. Cell 2 is in a hypertonic solution. With lower concentration of water around cell, the cell loses to much water causing the cell to lose homeostasis and the cell membrane will shrivel.

The cell membrane is semipermeable organelle structure found in both Eukaryotic plant and animal cells and Prokaryotic bacteria cells. Select the two statements that are true about the cell membrane. A. The membrane chooses what enters and exits the cell which helps maintain homeostasis. B. The membrane uses a passive transport process called facilitated diffusion to move polar substances like fats and oils. C. The bilipid layers of the membrane is made mostly of macromolecules called proteins D. The membrane uses a passive transport process called diffusion to move polar substances like fats and oils.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred? A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution. B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums. C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
The U-tube in the figure below is divided in the middle by a membrane that is impermeable to starch but permeable to water. A 10% starch solution is put into the right-hand half of the tube and an equal amount of 6% starch solution is put into the left-hand half of the tube In this situation: A. water will move from the left to the right B. starch will move from the right to the left C. water will move in both directions, but more from left to right than right to left D. water will move in both directions, but more from right to left than left to right
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called A. perforated B. semi-permeable C. non-conductive D. permeable
The images that follow show cells of different concentrations placed in beakers of different concentrations. For the examples, DRAW an ARROW to indicate the direction that the solute will flow AND DRAW an ARROW with a “W” to indicate the direction that the water will flow. Answer the questions that follow.
Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? A. simple osmosis B. active transport C. simple diffusion D. facilitated diffusion

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Lesson: Cell Membrane

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

GUIDED NOTES - CELL MEMBRANE