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Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Final Exam Questions and Answers., Exams of Psychology of Happiness

Chamberlain College of NursingPsychology of Happiness

Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Final Exam Questions and Answers.Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Final Exam Questions and Answers.Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Final Exam Questions and Answers.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 06/22/2024

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Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Final Exam Questions
and Answers.
What does Hobbes mean by "right of nature"? - ANS there are no restrictions on
anything, men have a right to everything
What does Hobbes mean by saying the right of nature is inalienable? - ANS any sane
person will not give up their rights to preserves themselves; a person will never
rationally give up their own life
Why does Hobbes think we all have a right of nature? - ANS it is rational to do whatever
is going to benefit you
What is a law of nature? - ANS a general guideline for one's own self preservation; also
condemns acts destructive to human life; natural and inherently known
What is the connection between right of nature and the first three laws of nature? - ANS
1. Seek peace and follow it
2. We must give up certain rights in order to maintain peace
3. Keep the contracts you make
The laws are created for humans to escape the state of nature (which is chaotic)
What objection does "The Fool" make to Hobbes? - ANS Why not break a contract
when it is in your benefit and it is rational to break the contract if it benefits yourself?
What is Hobbes's reply to the Fool's objection? - ANS Just because you get away with
unjust actions once doesn't mean that you will again. Also, by being unjust you are
breaking your contracts with the commonwealth and are risking going back to the state
of nature (aka imminent death) therefore it is irrational because breaking contracts is
irrational
Evaluate whether Hobbes answers the objection satisfactorily and in a was that is
consistent with his view of human nature? - ANS His objection is NOT satisfactory
because it does actually answer the Fool's question
Why, according to Hobbes, do we need a sovereign with virtually unlimited power? -
ANS -philosophers should be rulers because they are far-sighted and are the wisest
individuals to rule the society--they cannot be just or unjust....the more powerful a
sovereign is, the more likely it is that people will follow the contracts. It is in their self
interest to follow rulers (and vice versa) because they can only be as rich and powerful
as one another
Why, according to Hobbes, can we not cooperate without a sovereign? - ANS because
if we do not have a sovereign, then we will just go back to the state of nature
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Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Final Exam Questions

and Answers.

What does Hobbes mean by "right of nature"? - ANS there are no restrictions on anything, men have a right to everything What does Hobbes mean by saying the right of nature is inalienable? - ANS any sane person will not give up their rights to preserves themselves; a person will never rationally give up their own life Why does Hobbes think we all have a right of nature? - ANS it is rational to do whatever is going to benefit you What is a law of nature? - ANS a general guideline for one's own self preservation; also condemns acts destructive to human life; natural and inherently known What is the connection between right of nature and the first three laws of nature? - ANS

  1. Seek peace and follow it
  2. We must give up certain rights in order to maintain peace
  3. Keep the contracts you make The laws are created for humans to escape the state of nature (which is chaotic) What objection does "The Fool" make to Hobbes? - ANS Why not break a contract when it is in your benefit and it is rational to break the contract if it benefits yourself? What is Hobbes's reply to the Fool's objection? - ANS Just because you get away with unjust actions once doesn't mean that you will again. Also, by being unjust you are breaking your contracts with the commonwealth and are risking going back to the state of nature (aka imminent death) therefore it is irrational because breaking contracts is irrational Evaluate whether Hobbes answers the objection satisfactorily and in a was that is consistent with his view of human nature? - ANS His objection is NOT satisfactory because it does actually answer the Fool's question Why, according to Hobbes, do we need a sovereign with virtually unlimited power? - ANS -philosophers should be rulers because they are far-sighted and are the wisest individuals to rule the society--they cannot be just or unjust....the more powerful a sovereign is, the more likely it is that people will follow the contracts. It is in their self interest to follow rulers (and vice versa) because they can only be as rich and powerful as one another Why, according to Hobbes, can we not cooperate without a sovereign? - ANS because if we do not have a sovereign, then we will just go back to the state of nature

What reason would the people have to trust a sovereign not to abuse power to their detriment? - ANS Sovereign will only be as rich and powerful as their people are. Should trust them because of this. If your life is being threatened by sovereign, right of nature says you'll take out your sovereign. Describe the hypothetical situation of Prisoners's Dilemma - ANS You and I commit a crime and are being questioned. Scenario 1: We both confess and both get 10 years in prison Scenario 2: I confess and you remain silent: I go free and you are executed Scenario 3: I remain silent and you confess: I am executed and you go free Scenario 4: We both remain silent: We both get 1 year in prison If prisoners were non-empatheic egoists, should they confess or remain silent? Why? - ANS They should confess; because by confessing, both of them are guaranteed to at least be able to live. There is no chance of execution if I confess, regardless of if you confess or remain silent. Confessing is a dominant strategy How can one appeal the prisoners dilemma to argue that the best state rational people can achieve is not the state which would be best for them? - ANS The best state that would benefit everyone would be the 1yr/1yr outcome--but this is not achievable because in a contract, someone has to go first and you won't trust the person that does first--therefore, confessing and risking 10 years in prison is the more reasonable decision Can one appeal to the example of the Prisoner's dilemma to show that it is irrational to be an egoist? - ANS It can be irrational to be an egoist because in this situation, someone acting as an egoist would be in search of the most beneficial situation for himself, which would be to go free. Being let free is as likely as the possibility of being executed; Your freedom relies on the other person remaining silent; but if they confess; he would be executed, which would be the worst case scenario.....therefore, what could be the best case scenario has as equal of a chance of being the worst case scenario Present and evaluate Mill's argument for freedom of thought and expression - ANS - silencing opinions robs the human race posterity, as well as the existing generation -robs people who disagree with certain opinions -the suppressed opinion may be true -people tend to be confident in their own rightness AND in the infallibility of the opinions they come in contact with -this confidence is not justified, and are people are hurt by silencing potentially true ideas -the only time a person can be sure he is right is if he is constantly open to differing opinions; there must be a standing invitation to try to disprove his beliefs. -criticism that truth may be justifiably persecuted, because persecution is something that truth should have to face, and it will always survive.....allowing freedom of speech does more good than harm (utilitarianism)

This makes the value of action X more realistic than actual consequence generic act utilitarianism Consider and evaluate at least one argument designed to show that all versions of act utilitarianism are implausible and briefly describe a version of rule utilitarianism as an alternative to act utilitarianism - ANS Voting: if you are a utilitarianist then you would see that the chances of you not voting is not going to change the outcome of the election; however; if everyone were to follow this and not vote, then it would have a huge impact Do you think that the first two amendments in the Bill of Rights are consistent with Mill's Harm principle? - ANS Yes; they are consistent with the harm principle because they protect US citizens from government interference when trying to express themselves or protect themselves--even though guns have a high possibility of causing harm, and certain forms of expression can also cause harm, people still have rights to these things SO LONG as they are not causing harm to others If the Supreme court is correct in finding a right to privacy in the constitution, would that right be supported by Mill's arguments for freedom for lifestyle (individuality)? - ANS Yes, because Mill argues that you should leave two consenting adults alone and that pretty much anything is allowable in private as long as it include consent Do you think that one could provide a plausible utilitarian argument for the first two amendments in the US bill of rights? - ANS Utilitarian argument: Allowing freedom of speech creates more good than bad. Defending your answer: By allowing freedom of speech people can challenge others' opinions thus, forcing you to either justify your own view, or changing your view. The negatives are things like offensive musical lyrics, hate speech, and offensive marches (like the nazis marching through a street that houses holocaust survivors or the Wesboro Baptist Church picketing funerals).