Partial preview of the text
Download Life Process Handwritten and more Summaries Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Lige processes — NUWHGA:— The process of obtaining (Respiration :- The process of breaking ; d “he Basic and essential punctions /process poxfonme: by living Organisms +o maintain and sustain thei |'fé- and utilisation of food. down of food to obtain enevgy- (ianepartaHon - The process of transpes of substances From one part of the (Excietions- he body to other parts. psooess oF materials produced in the cells from The Organism makes Pn food Cinpte inovaanic materials. €q- Green plants , aitotrophic la NUTRITION bacter; semoval of waste materials produced in waste of the body. organism can not make (0+ synthesize) ifs*owm food materials - €q- Human, cats, pungizleech ete peom simple inovganic Holozoic anism consume and ° m lesnally digest organic , organisms feed an dead ood Substances « £4. Human beings. “t,/ neat, arn ba ecium pa The process by which and taver d y Using sunii called photosynthesis. HETROTROPHIC NUTRITION Saprophytic ination de 2h fangithrend east mushroon | , - cuscuty isa ( een plants make theis own Pavasitte organisms obtain nutrition by liting on (External parasite } o¥th ‘(internal pavasite ) the body of the another living or. anism (host), often causing ‘harm to the host. “h- Ince, teech tapeworm , cAseuta (amar- bel) parasitéc plant. it does not contain chlorophyll. pood prom cavbondioxide qut energy in the presence of chlorophyll is conditions necescasy for photosynthesis @ sunlight (Hchlosophyll —(JCarbondioxtde (| water Glucose Absorption of lait energy by chloro phy'l energy and spilitting of water conversion o light energy to chemical Moleailes {nto iit and oxyqety Reduction ef Catbon clioxide to Carbohydrates « site of photosynthesis . chloroplasts . F . chioveph Il (S pyesent in the aren - coloured nelles called ehlaneplee inside He plant cells. The leaves ate eer bellause they contain chlosoplasts. + chlovophyil is present in which (@ owgan lle — chlova plas kkorgan - leaf © C02 entess Heacugh stomata. * stomata : Tiny pires present on thesuface ee of the leaves. » water: Taken up by the-voots from soil- » Nitrogen is taken {n form of nitrates and “nitrites. J : . Nitro en phosphorous, magnesium an Photosynthesis in Desert Plants lyon ave also taken. Day Time - Stomata remains closed tp conserve Water ‘Th plants , food ( qtucrse) Is stored in Night Time - Stomata Opens - Absorbs CO; . ta’ch CO, taken at night used to prepare Glucose in daytime the form of starch. « In animals , it is ctored in the porm oF qlycogen- Variegated Leaf Activity Sel&16:2 \ 1.Boiling water 2. Boiling alcohol ( Removes colour of leaf Conclusion - Starch is present at green sites only proving chlorophyll iodine Solution is essential for photosynthesis blue black colour with starch only on green sites 1.Glass jars sealed and kept in Sun 2.KOH in jar to absorb any Carbon dioxide present Bell jar 3. iodine Test for Starch Observation - No Biue black colour seen potassium hydroxide Conclusion - Carbon Dioxide is essential for Photosynthesis RESPIRATION am The process of breaking down of food to welease energy In Fe of ATP is called Resptsation. Breathing sad to produce beer ‘coh respallon/Femantation Rossen Foccaiieey aanmnae (a ewer ind = i : ) Avance of Pyruvate (3-carbon Molecule) +Energy ‘Attached to bones Provence of oxygen Gnrmttccnanare) Respiration tacticacd En Tre (carbon molecu) Th our mossle cals BT ame bavieraie Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy TE GTTE ERE ae inal ise »muscles ving intense exces vapid convert glucose te lactic acid por Quick energy. Thi's lactic acid buildup causes fatigue and cramp in muscle. 5) Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Aero! espiration Oxygen is required ‘Oxygen is not required More energy produced Less energy produced Complete oxidation and breakdown of Incomplete oxidation and breakdown of glucose glucose Occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria Occurs only in cytoplasm End products : CO, + H:0 End products : CO, + Ethanol / Lactic acid” Nostrils : Air enters the passage Nasal Passage : Have hairs lining Passage for filtration of air « Passage lined with mucus * To trap dirt & dust & filtration of alr Pharynx : Common passage for food and air Larynx (voice-box) : Produces sound, contalns vocal cords Allows air to pass into the trachea. Alveoli : Alveoll are tiny, balloan-ilke alr sacs located at the end of bronchloles. Thin- walled and moist for easy gas diffusion. Surrounded by a network of blood capillaries. They are the site of gas exchange in the lungs. Each lung contains millions of alveoli, providing a large surface area for efficient diffusion. Rings Of Cartilage: Prevents air passage from collapsing Trachea ! Windpipe Bronchi : Two bronch! connect trachea to each lungs Bronchioles : Each bronchi divides in lungs to form large number of smaller tubes called bronchioles. Sronchioles are small air passages that lead directly to the alveoli. Alveoll GASEXCHANCE sn A 4 Cas The draphyvagm is a large, dome - Taped muscle that separates the chest prom the abclomen . o f f Residual Volume- Amount of alr alwa is YeEMMinin pangs (fo provide surpicient time absorb 2 and velease COs - (cBSE 2023,2091, 29014 |), Alveol’ ave vichly supplied with blood vescels for efficient exchange of gases (oxygen and casbon dioxide) v OxYaen FIOM te ioe alveoli diffuses into the blood capillasies de prom blood difguses inte the alveoli. a Inhalation / Inspiration Exhalation / Expiration diaphragm contracts diaphragm relaxes dlaphragm moves downward and becomes flat. diaphragm moves upward and becomes dome-shaped. Chest cavity becomes larger Chest cavity becomes smaller Airis sucked into the lungs Air is pushed aut from the lungs «Exchange of Grases > ocourts through stomata catbondioxide is produced C02 Is queen out . DayTime NightTime + Photosynthesis - oxygen duced - No pictos nihestc + Respiration - cae pide te » Respraation- Precuics “Photosynthesi « Net Resu - + NetResult- Op is given out Breathing in Fish Mouth Open, Gill closed Vice-Versa Texrestial Organisms * Breath oxgen in atmosphere. + Rate of eathing ts less. Fish + take in water though Mouth-> osce it past the gills dissolved o9 is taken by blood. Aduatic Organisms use dissolved ox gen «Rate of breath as they in water is move have te obtain oxygen clissolved th waters - i ist ,that acts — Heast:- ynugculas Organ, voughly the size of q gist ythat a¢ eo Oe 4 pump jou ctrcul thood Fhroughlout the body . - Double Cieculation.- Blood flows ‘twice throughthe heart before completing “a ll cfreuit- Blood passes only once through the heart ing complete cycle. Animal Group Pins Circulation Type wii Sac nlanad ar Fata 4 Complete double | warm blooded vail a 3 a Cold blooded Poceal ia Single circulation Cold blooded some components of blood leak #rrough pores in walls of capillasies (plasma , proteins and blood cells — not RBc) v colousless pluid v Comalns less protein than blood lumph lows (nto | ymphati ccapfMasies, Y which Join to porm ‘layqer lymph vessels v these vessels pinally merge into larges veins. vy functions . » Caries digested and absorbed pat prom intestine . > ‘Draine edtece cluid back into the blood. az lymph contains Iympnocgfe that help defend the body against infection Slow transportation, system, (0 plants donotmove (2) have 4 large proportion of dead ‘cells in many tissues. Hence they have low energy needs and use slow transport systems - But -Hansportation clistance can be very lasge’- xylem and Phloem aze independent conduc! ng tubes. Feature | Xylem Transport |Phloem Transport| Food, amino acids and Transports | Water and minerals Ghescirpe ii estes Grea) er eet ener (cee Direction of from roots to aerial Reatard wel ow aererc sl parts) Physical forces( such as| Active transport root pressure and | (requires energy in the transpirational pull) form of ATP) Process Involved Main Tissues Involved Xylem vessels, Sieve tubes, tracheids ‘companion cells o— XYLEM «Root precsutse- Roots take up ions prom soil which Creates difference in the concentration of these ons. into be. awates From soil moves into the roots ethere is 4 constant movement of wates . into root xylem and water is steadily pushed upwards. i Nitvogenous wastes » glucose , wates, aminoacid , ‘ m the blood axe filtered and initial pilterate Bowman Capsule of the nephron . { useful substances like lucose » aminoacids. majot amount of watex From the fitrate are back by capillaries surrouncling the nephron - Ch- Lea, extra water and salts ave secreted Inte the open up inte the collecting duct and then into the I . Une from artery, 7 ; ; Cpa nagmps selectively permeable ARTIFICIAL KiONeD (eMepian sts er «In case of kidne gallure, an artigicia | Kidney can be use «An artificial kidney removes nitrogenous waste products-fram the blood th ough dialysis . + Artigicial kidney No veabsorphon involved *Dialysing gluid - same osmotic pressure as blood (WHhout ni-tsogenous coastes + Used dial sing soluation—>-vich ‘in uveq and excess salts. * oxygen and Carbon elioxide > by diffusion I thibugh stomata - « Excess water —> removed by transpiration - eshedding of old leaves. A j «Plants also secrete some waste substances into the soil avound them. = 100% Exam Paper yahi se hoga | (CBSE 2021, 2020, 2017)} e following organisms shows parasitic mode of nutrition? cids Erol, (iii) amin’ lycra (CBSE 2024, 2022, 2020) (a) c) M 4) Cuscuta | (CBSE 2023, 2021, 2019)}) 3, What is 5 ‘occurs, e of th The process by which green plants make thelr own foad from carbon dioxide and water by sing sunlight energy in the presence of chlorophyll is called photosynthesis. a a} organelle Chioroplast b) organ - Leaf — ben °A Bo ON CG _Chlorophyll 6CO, + 12H:0 CoHuOs +6H.0 + 60,_ rat doos it digest? (CBSE 2025, 2023, 2021, 2019)| How do they help in orption of fo TTT (CBSE 2024,2022,2021,2020) Vill are lots of finger-like projections , present on inner lining of Small intenstine. Vill'increases surface area fer absorbtion ‘They are supplied with bicod vessels (capil supplied to all cells of body. ries) , throuch which absorbed food is Ti Sates of cyan lense tte string wane Toleeis nen Hyaroashiand Ons pcessary for (Wh photosyr = > = (CBSE 2024, 2023,2022, 2020) | 2) KOH absorbs any Carbon dloxlde present in jar b) To provide sunlight. So.as to make sure that all ther conditions for Photosynthesis aro satisfied. ¢) After few hours, if we test leaves with iodine solution , they dont turn ble black, roving no starch sformed and hence no photosynthesis occured tion exhibited anism xplain how food is anin (CBSE 2023) ‘Amoeba exhibits Holozole Nutrition, ~ ‘Amoeba takes In food using temporary finger-lke projections ofthe cell urface called Pseudopodia Food vacuoles are formed: enzymes are secreted which brekes down complex substances + simpler soluble substances ‘The digested food is absorbed in cytoplasm by lffusion, Undigested food moves to call surface out, ae prentiate betweer of nuttitic (CBSE 2024, 2022, 2020, 2619) Pramecium Holatoie, foods moves toa specific £20 using ha Me structure Cig Holozole,takesin foed utina finger Mode of Nutrition, Tike extension Peeudopodia, Finger lke projection Pseucopodi helps in movement Hal ie structures Cis helps in econ” e system: (a) Hydrochloric (CBSE 2024, 2022, 2020) a) Hydrochloric acid + creates acidic medi for enzyme pepsin & Kills bacteria or germs 2 — redine 1 starch + Colour change, + starch present saliva causes break down of starch ity, and tivity hich (CBSE 2024, 2023) wn of alu #0 + Eneroy [CBSE 2024, 2022, 2020) lirichly (CBSE 20%4, 2622, 2620, 2018) ') Bile - makes acidic food coming from stomach alkaline & emulsification offats + breaks down fats into smaller globules €} Pepsin + protein digesting enzyme €) Only leaves ca ho lowing statement ‘respiration in plants Is corr a! Respiration in plants occurs only during the daytime. (CBSE 2025, 2024, 2021, 2019) requlree for respiration Ii ells. ut resplratfon in plants. necls and respiration accut In le 
