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Linear Motion - Solved Exercise - Basic Concepts of Physics, Exercises of Physics

Central University of South BiharPhysics

"Basic Concepts of Physics" course objective is to introduce the terms like: Newton’s Motion Laws, Momentum, Energy, Rotation, Gravity, Liquids, Gases, Plasmas, Heat, Vibrations and Waves, Sound, Electrostatics, Electric current, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Properties of Light, Color. In this exercise questions are about: Linear Motion, Asteroids Moving, Sun’s Force, Upward Force, Free-Falling Object, Acceleration, Constant Velocity

Typology: Exercises

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/13/2013

madangopal
madangopal 🇮🇳

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1)Asteroidshavebeenmovingthrough(mostlyempty)spaceforbillionsofyears.Whatkeepsthem
moving?
Nothingkeepsasteroidsmoving.TheSun’sforcedeflectstheirpathsbutisnotneededtokeepthem
moving.FromNewton’s1stLaw,anobjectthatismovingtendstostaymovingatconstantspeedinthe
samedirection,unlessaforceactsonit.So,oncesetinmotion,anasteroidinouterspacejustkeeps
moving.
2)Asyoustandonafloor,doesthefloorexertanupwardforceagainstyourfeet?Howmuchforcedoes
itexert?Whyareyounotmovedupwardbythisforce?
Yes,thefloorexertsanupward‐directednormalforce,orsupportforce,againstmyfeet.BecauseIamat
rest,andnotacceleratingintheverticaldirection,thisforceexactlycountersthedownwardforceonme,
whichisduetothegravitationalforceonme,i.e.myweight.Thatis,thefloorexertsaforceexactly
equaltomyweight,intheupwarddirection.Iamnotmovedupwardbythisforcebecausethenetforce
onmeiszero–theupwardforcefromthefloorandthedownwardgravitationalforceexactlycancel.
3)Forafree‐fallingobjectdroppedfromrest,whatisitsspeedattheendofthe5thsecondoffall?What
aboutitsaccelerationatthattime?
Afree‐fallingobjectgainsabout10m/severysecond.So1safterbeingdroppedfromrest,itisat10m/s,
after2sitis20m/s….after5s,itisat50m/s.(Moreaccurately,itgains9.8m/seachsecond,whichwould
haveitat49m/safter5seconds).Theaccelerationatthattimeisg=10m/s2(ormoreaccurately,9.8
m/s2),asitisatanytimeforfree‐fallingobjects.
4)a)Cananobjectbemovingwhenitsaccelerationiszero?Ifso,giveanexample.
Yes,anobjectthatwassetinmotioninthepastbysomeforce,butthatisnolongerbeingactedonbya
netforce,ismovingbutwithzeroacceleration,i.e.itismovingatconstantvelocity.Forexample,apuck
slidingalongahorizontalplaneoficeafterbeinghitwithahockeystick.
b)Cananobjectbeacceleratingwhenitsspeediszero?Ifso,giveanexample.
Yes,accelerationisachangeinvelocity,soanobjectmightbemomentarilyatrestbutasplit‐second
laterhavesomespeed,i.e.itcanbechangingitsvelocityevenifitismomentarilyatrest.Anexampleisa
verticallythrownballatthetopofitstrajectory,orayo‐yojustasitturnsaround.
5)Ifitwerenotforairresistance,whywoulditbedangeroustogooutdoorsonrainydays?
Iftherewasnoairresistance,theonlyforceactingonraindropsastheyfellwouldbeEarth’s
gravitationalforce,leadingthemtogaininspeedabout10m/seachsecond.Sinceraindropsfallfora
hugedistancethentheywouldaccumulateatremendousspeedbythetimetheyreachourlevel.Ifit
werenotfortheslowingeffectofairresistance,raindropswouldstrikethegroundwiththespeedof
high‐speedbullets!
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  1. Asteroids have been moving through (mostly empty) space for billions of years. What keeps them moving? Nothing keeps asteroids moving. The Sun’s force deflects their paths but is not needed to keep them moving. From Newton’s 1 st^ Law, an object that is moving tends to stay moving at constant speed in the same direction, unless a force acts on it. So, once set in motion, an asteroid in outer space just keeps moving.
  2. As you stand on a floor, does the floor exert an upward force against your feet? How much force does it exert? Why are you not moved upward by this force? Yes, the floor exerts an upward ‐ directed normal force, or support force, against my feet. Because I am at rest, and not accelerating in the vertical direction, this force exactly counters the downward force on me, which is due to the gravitational force on me, i.e. my weight. That is, the floor exerts a force exactly equal to my weight, in the upward direction. I am not moved upward by this force because the net force on me is zero – the upward force from the floor and the downward gravitational force exactly cancel.
  3. For a free‐falling object dropped from rest, what is its speed at the end of the 5 th^ second of fall? What about its acceleration at that time? A free ‐ falling object gains about 10m/s every second. So 1s after being dropped from rest, it is at 10m/s, after 2s it is 20m/s….after 5s, it is at 50 m/s. (More accurately, it gains 9.8m/s each second, which would have it at 49m/s after 5 seconds). The acceleration at that time is g = 10 m/s^2 (or more accurately, 9. m/s^2 ), as it is at any time for free ‐ falling objects.
  4. a) Can an object be moving when its acceleration is zero? If so, give an example. Yes, an object that was set in motion in the past by some force, but that is no longer being acted on by a net force, is moving but with zero acceleration, i.e. it is moving at constant velocity. For example, a puck sliding along a horizontal plane of ice after being hit with a hockey stick. b) Can an object be accelerating when its speed is zero? If so, give an example. Yes, acceleration is a change in velocity, so an object might be momentarily at rest but a split ‐ second later have some speed, i.e. it can be changing its velocity even if it is momentarily at rest. An example is a vertically thrown ball at the top of its trajectory, or a yo ‐ yo just as it turns around.
  5. If it were not for air resistance , why would it be dangerous to go outdoors on rainy days? If there was no air resistance, the only force acting on raindrops as they fell would be Earth’s gravitational force, leading them to gain in speed about 10 m/s each second. Since raindrops fall for a huge distance then they would accumulate a tremendous speed by the time they reach our level. If it were not for the slowing effect of air resistance, raindrops would strike the ground with the speed of high ‐ speed bullets!

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