Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet
More nano info at:
http://www.nano-e ditor.org/docs.php
Bash Comma nds
uname -a Show system and kernel
head -n1 /etc/issue Show distri bution
mount Show moun ted filesystems
date Show system date
uptime Show uptim e
whoami Show your u sername
man comman d Show manual for command
Bash Shortcuts
CTRL-c Stop current comma nd
CTRL-z Sleep pro gram
CTRL-a Go to start of line
CTRL-e Go to end of line
CTRL-u Cut from start of line
CTRL-k Cut to end of line
CTRL-r Search histo ry
!! Repea t last command
!abc Run last comman d starting with abc
!abc:p Print last command starting wi th abc
!$ Last argume nt of previou s command
!* All arguments of previo us command
^abc^123 Run previou s command, replacin g abc
with 123
Bash Variables
env Show envi ronment variable s
echo $NAME Output value of $NAME
variabl e
export
NAME =value
Set $NAME to val ue
$PATH Executable search path
$HOME Home dire ctory
$SHELL Current shel l
IO Redirection
command < file Read inp ut of command from
file
command > file Write output of command to file
command >
/dev/null
Discard ou tput of command
command >> file Append output to file
command1 |
command2
Pipe outpu t of command1 to
command2
Directory Opera tions
pwd Show curre nt directory
mkdir dir Ma ke directory dir
cd dir Cha nge directory to dir
cd .. Go up a directory
ls L ist files
ls Options
-a Show all (including hi dden)
-R R ecursive list
-r Reve rse order
-t Sor t by last modified
-S Sort by file size
-l Long li sting format
-1 One file per li ne
-m Comma-se parated output
-Q Quoted output
Search Files
grep pattern
files
Search for pattern in files
grep -i Case insensiti ve search
grep -r Recu rsive search
grep -v Inverted search
find /dir/ -
name name*
Find files starting with name in dir
find /dir/ -user
name
Find files ow ned by name in dir
find /dir/ -
mmin num
Find files mod ifed less than num
minutes ago in dir
wherei s
command
Find bina ry / source / manual for
command
locate file Fin d file (qui ck search of system
index)
File Operations
touch file1 Cr eate file1
cat file1
file2
Concatenate files and output
less file1 View and paginate file1
file file1 Get type of file1
cp file1 file2 C opy file1 to file2
mv file1 file2 Mo ve file1 to file2
rm file1 Dele te file1
head file1 Show first 10 lin es of file1
tail file1 Sho w last 10 lines of file1
tail -f file1 Ou tput last line s of file 1 as it
changes
Process Ma nagement
ps Show snap shot of processes
top Show real time proce sses
kill pid Kill proce ss with id pid
pkill
name
Kill proce ss with name name
killall
name
Kill all processes with names be ginning
name
Nano Shortcuts
Files
Ctrl-R Read file
Ctrl-O Save file
Ctrl-X Close file
Cut and Paste
ALT-A Start marking text
CTRL-K Cut marked text or line
CTRL-U Paste text
Navigate File
ALT-/ En d of file
CTRL-A Beginni ng of line
CTRL-E End of line
CTRL-C Show line num ber
CTRL-_ Go to line number
Search File
CTRL-W Find
ALT-W Fin d next
CTRL-\ Search an d replace
Screen Shortcuts
screen Start a screen session .
screen -r Resume a scre en session.
screen -
list
Show your cu rrent screen sessions.
CTRL-A Activate command s for screen.
CTRL-A c Create a ne w instance of terminal.
CTRL-A n Go to the next instance of terminal .
CTRL-A p Go to the previous instan ce of terminal .
CTRL-A " S how current instances of termin als.
CTRL-A A Rename the current in stance of
terminal.
File Permissions
chmod 775 file Change mode of file to 775
chmod -R 60 0
folder
Recursive ly chmod folder to 600
chown
user :group file
Change file owner to user an d
group to group
File Permission Numbers
The first digit is the own er permission, the secon d
the group and the third for everyone.
Calcul ate each of the three permissio n digits by
addin g the numeric values of the pe rmissions below .
4 read (r)
2 write (w)
1 execute (x)
