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Linux final exam with complete solutions
What is the most common open source Web server available for Linux? a. Samba b. Apache c. Quid d. Pine - ANS-Apache The core component of the Linux operating system is the Linux kernel. If you were a Linux systems administrator for a company, when would you need to upgrade your Linux kernel? (Choose all that apply.) a. when you need to have support in Linux for new hardware b. when you need another user interface c. when you need to increase the stability of Linux d. when you need to use kernel modules - ANS-a,c Which of the following can be used on Linux to provide file and print services? a. Samba b. Apache c. Quid d. Pine - ANS-Samba Who formed the Free Software Foundation to promote open development? a. Dennie Ritchie b. Richard Stallman c. Linus Torvalds d. Ken Thompson - ANS-Richard Stallman Linux was developed by __________ to resemble the _________ operating system. a. Linus Torvalds, MINIX b. Linux Torvalds, GNU c. Richard Stallman, GNU d. Richard Stallman, MINIX - ANS-Linus Torvalds, MINIX
- What is the default shell in Linux called? a. SH b. BSH c. CSH d. BASH - ANS-BASH This commands shuts down the computer in 15 minutes? - ANS-sudo shutdown -h + This commands restarts the computer right now? - ANS-sudo shutdown -r now
This command updates the repositories (libraries) on the raspberry pi - ANS-sudo apt- get update This command updates the software on the raspberry pi - ANS-sudo apt-get upgrade This command updates the Linux distribution - ANS-sudo apt-get dist-upgrade This command installs the basic word processing program called gedit on the raspberry pi. It is a great program similar to NotePad - ANS-sudo apt-get install gedit command displays the contents of a text file to the screen - ANS-cat command is used to change the current directory in the directory tree - ANS-cd (change directory) command is used to detect the differences between files - ANS-diff After typing the ls -F command, you notice that there is a file whose filename begins with an * (asterisk). What does this mean? a. It is a hidden file. b. It is a linked file. c. It is a special device file. d. It is an executable file. - ANS-It is an executable file command is used to display lines in a text file that match a certain common regular expression - ANS-grep (global regular expression print) command views the first ten lines of a file. (gives you the first ten lines) - ANS-head files that are not normally displayed to the user and ls -a command displays all files them - ANS-hidden files command lists the files in a directory - ANS-ls command displays the text files page-by-page. You can use the space bar to go to the next page or you can use the enter key to go to the next line - ANS-more command merges data from one file to another - ANS-paste command is used to paginate text. This is good for printing text because it is often desirable to separate the pages of the output with several lines of white space to provide a top and bottom margin for each page - ANS-pr command displays the current directory in the directory tree - ANS-PWD (Print Working Directory)
d. /etc/password - ANS-/etc/passwd Along with a listing of user accounts, the /etc/passwd file also contains information on account expiry. True or False? - ANS-False file contains the encrypted password and expiration information - ANS-/etc/shadow Each line of the /etc/shadow file has the following colon-delimited format: - ANS- name:password:lastchange:min:max:warn:disable1:disable The default permissions given by the system prior to analyzing the umask are ___________for directories, and __________ for files. a. rw-rw-rw- and rw-rw-rw- b. rw-rw-rw- and r--r--r-- c. rw-rw-rw- and rwxrwxrwx d. rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw- e. rwxrw-rw- and rwx-rw-rw- - ANS-rwxrw-rw- and rwx-rw-rw- If these default permissions are too permissive, a special variable on the system named ________________ takes away permissions on new files and directories immediately after they are created. This command is meant to be used for newly created files and directories. - ANS-umask(user mask)
- After typing the ls -F command, you see the following line in the output: -rw-r-xr-- 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file What does this mean? a. User1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file. b. Members of the root group have read and write, user1 has read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file. c. All users have read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and user1 has read permissions to the file. d. User1 has read and write, all others have read and execute, and members of the root group have read permissions to the file. - ANS-User1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file. What are the three standard Linux permissions? - ANS-execute, read, write command does not use a premade index of files, but instead searches the directory tree recursively starting from a certain directory for files that meet a certain criterion - ANS- find command is the fastest method to search for files in the Linux directory tree - ANS- locate
command only searches for executable files in directories that are listed in a special variable called the PATH variable in the current BASH shell - ANS-which link is where two files share the same data - ANS-hard link is where one file is simply a pointer or shortcut to another file - ANS-symbolic When applied to a directory, the SGID special permission____________________. a. causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory and not the entity that created them b. cannot be done as it is only applied to files c. allows users the ability to use more than two groups for files that they create within the directory d. causes users to have their permissions checked before they are allowed to access files in the directory - ANS-a. causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory and not the entity that created them previously used on files in the past to lock them in memory. However, they are currently applicable to directories. This ensures that a user can only delete his/her own files in a directory - ANS-sticky bit set on a file, the user who executes the file temporarily becomes the owner of the file during execution. It has no functionality when it is set on a directory. It is only applicable to binary compiled programs. Any user can test network connectivity with the ping command - ANS-SUID (Set User ID) command changes the mode (permissions) of files or directories. (change permissions)
- ANS-chmod (change mode) refers to the owner of a file or directory - ANS-user (owner) permissions refers to the users with the ability to change permissions on a file or directory - ANS- group owner permissions refers to all of the other users on the Linux system - ANS-Other (everyone else on the Linux System) permissions
- You want to see the filesystems that are presently in use on the system. What command could you use? a. cat /etc/fstab b. ls -l /etc/fstab c. cat /etc/mtab d. ls -l /etc/fstab - ANS-c. cat /etc/mtab
utility is one of the oldest and most widely used backup utilities. It can create an archive in a file on a filesystem or directly on a device. - ANS-tape archive (tar) The -9 option to the gzip utility results in a higher compression ratio. True or False? - ANS-True uses the .gz filename extension by default and can control the level of compression via a numeric option (based on time needed to compress the file). - ANS-gzip utility
- You have created a full backup and four incremental backups. In which order must you restore these backups? a. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 0, 4, 3, 2, 1 c. 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 0 - ANS-a. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 A __________________________ backup archives all of the data on the filesystem. - ANS-full command is used to display the contents of a compressed file using the gzip utility - ANS-zcat command is used to compress files using the Burrows-Wheeler Block Sorting Huffman Coding compression algorithm - ANS-bzip
- The bzip2 and gzip utilities use similar compression algorithms. True or False? - ANS-False While a process is waiting for its parent process to release the PID, the process is said to be in a ________________ state, because it has finished but retains a PID. - ANS- zombie command displays an interactive screen listing processes organized by processor time. Processes that use the most processor time are listed at the top of the screen - ANS-top A runaway process that is faulty and consuming mass amounts of system resources ________. a. is a zombie process b. is an orphaned process c. has a PPID of Z d. is a rogue process - ANS-d. is a rogue process command simply displays a list of processes that are running in the current shell - ANS- ps
As daemon processes are not associated with terminals, you must use the -e switch with the ps command to view them. True or False? - ANS-true The killall command terminates _________. a. all instances of a process with the same PPID b. all instances of a process with the same PID c. all instances of a process with the same priority d. all instances of a process with the same name - ANS-d. all instances of a process with the same name Every process has a unique ___________________ that allows the kernel to identify it uniquely - ANS-process ID (PID) As a result, each process has a _______________________, which identifies the process that started it. - ANS-parent process ID (PPID) Which command entered without arguments is used to display a list of processes running in the current shell? a. ppid b. list c. pid d. ps - ANS-d. ps command is the most common command used to terminate a process. It sends a kill signal to the process. - ANS-kill command kills all instances of a process by the command name. It uses the process name instead of its PID - ANS-killall Which process will always have a PID of 1 and a PPID of 0? a. the kernel itself b. ps c. init d. top - ANS-c. init is a system process that is not associated with a terminal - ANS-daemon process command lists all background processes running in the current shell - ANS-jobs daemon is a system daemon that executes tasks once at a future time. - ANS-at daemon is a system daemon that executes tasks repetitively in the future - ANS-cron is a core component of the Linux GUI. It provides the ability to draw graphical images in windows that are displayed on the terminal screen - ANS-X Windows
command is a filter command that takes information from Standard Input and sends that information to a file, as well as to Standard Output - ANS-tee filter command searches for a certain string of text and replaces that text string with another text string - ANS-sed filter command searches for patterns of text and perform some action on the text found - ANS-awk is the protocol most commonly used to transfer files on public networks - ANS-ftp
