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Chapter 8: Answers to HPLC and Water Softening Questions, Study notes of Learning processes

Answers to various questions related to high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and water softening. Topics covered include the disadvantages of gas liquid chromatography, common stationary phase in hplc, definition of a shockwave, and the process of water softening. The document also includes a calculation for finding the feed period for water softening.

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Uploaded on 04/27/2013

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Chapter 8
1. What is disadvantage of gas liquid chromatography?
Ans: Slow vaporization of stationary phase leading to change in column criteria,
contaminates the product.
2. What is the common stationary phase in HPLC?
Ans: C8 or C18 compounds attached to silica gel.
3. What is a shockwave?
Ans: If a concentrated stream is used to displace a dilute stream, then liquid front is
termed as shockwave.
4. What is water softening?
Ans: Removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from water is known as water softening.
5. We like to soften water having 3 meq/L Mg2+ and 5 meq/L Na+ with superficial
feed velocity 8 cm/min and 3 m column is used with CRT=1eq/L, εe=0.4.
Find feed period.
Ans
358 /CmeqL
T
30.375
8
0.625
,
8
sup 20 .min
0.4
1.5
1
1.5 187.5771
3
810
xF
xFNa
vcm
Ee
kmgNa
CRT
kmgNa CX
T



shock wave results
pf2

Partial preview of the text

Download Chapter 8: Answers to HPLC and Water Softening Questions and more Study notes Learning processes in PDF only on Docsity!

Chapter 8

1. What is disadvantage of gas liquid chromatography?

Ans: Slow vaporization of stationary phase leading to change in column criteria,

contaminates the product.

2. What is the common stationary phase in HPLC?

Ans: C 8 or C 18 compounds attached to silica gel.

3. What is a shockwave?

Ans: If a concentrated stream is used to displace a dilute stream, then liquid front is

termed as shockwave.

4. What is water softening?

Ans: Removal of Ca

2+

and Mg

2+

from water is known as water softening.

5. We like to soften water having 3 meq/L Mg

2+

and 5 meq/L Na

with superficial

feed velocity 8 cm/min and 3 m column is used with CRT=1eq/L, ε

e

Find feed period.

Ans

C 3 5 8 meq / L T

sup 8 20 .min

x F

x F Na

v

cm E e

k mgNa

C

RT

k mgNa C X T

 shock wave results

, ,

, ,

2 2 , ,

a mg f mg

a mg (^) RT a mg

mgNa

a mg T a mg

x X

y C x

k

y C x

2

(1 y ) 5.56 10 y amg amg

1 2 y y 5.56 10 y amg amg amg

y 2.00550 y 1 0 amg amg

y amg

v u sh y y C amg bmg RT k E E C X X e (^) T amg bmg

y X 0 bmg bmg

3

sh u

=0.0172 cm/min

17415 min 290

F t    hrs