Local Government Unit, Summaries of Political studies

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PHILIPPINE POLITICS

AND GOVERNANCE

Quarter 2- Module 9:

LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

Department of Education ● Republic of

the Philippines

Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 - Module 9: Local Government Unit First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao. Development Team of the Module Writer: James Jay G. Llerin Content Editor: Kristine Antique Language Editor: Rosela Jane Prodenciado Proofreader: Rosela Jane Prodenciado Illustrator: Eduardo Monares Layout Artist: Sweet Francess Mabelin Management Team Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot,CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairperson: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V Assistant Regional Director Jonathan S. Dela Peña, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Rowena H. Para-on, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo,PhD, EPS – LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS – ADM; Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief, Maria Teeresa M. Absin, EPS (English); Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager, Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II; Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II Regional Evaluator: Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd – ADM) Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• What This Module is About…………………………………………………………… PAGE
• Module Content………………………………………………………………………...
• How to Learn from this Module……………………………………………………….
• Icons of this Module……………………………………………………………………
• What I Know (Pretest)…………………………………………………………………
  • What I Need to Know…………………………………………………. Module 9 – Local Government Unit
    • What’s In………………………………………………………………..
    • What Is It……………………………………………………………….
    • What’s More……………………………………………………………
    • What I Have Learned…………………………………………………
    • What I Can Do…………………………………………………………
• Assessment: (Post-Test)……………………………………………………………..
• Key Answer……………………………………………………………………………
• References…………………………………………………………………………….

What This Module is About

Module Content: Module 9 focuses the Local Government Units, specifically it discusses its importance and how LGU affects the national Government and the Philippines itself. Thus, through this module you will be able to: ● Explain the roles and functions of Local Government Unit (LGU). HUMSS_PG12-IIa-b-2. How to Learn from this Module To attained the goals mentioned above, the students should do the following task: ● Make time to read the module to learned the concepts and ideas embedded in the module ● Carefully follow the instructions stipulated in each of the activities included in the lessons ● Answer all the given tests and activities in the module ● Search for answers from the internet for any misconceptions of ideas and

knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior related knowledge What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of the current one. What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through various activities, before it will be presented to you What is It These are discussions of the activities as a way to deepen your discovery and under- standing of the concept. What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in- tended for you to practice further in order to master the competencies. What I Have Activities designed to process what you Learned have learned from the lesson What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situations.

What I Know (Pretest)

This activity will enable you to assess your prior knowledge from the topic that will be discussed in this lesson. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer, and write the CAPITAL LETTER of your answer in the space provided.

Local government unit is defined as institutional units with fiscal, legislative and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes. It is the lowest level of territorial organization within a state. Though it is the smallest and basic unit of governance, it constitutes the foundation of the entire structure of the government. The acts of the local government units affect the ordinary citizen more directly than those of the national government. The average citizen has more and closer contacts with the local governments and their agencies than with the national or provincial government, and is more concerned with the local affairs than with those of the national or provincial in scope. The Constitution of the Philippines recognizes the importance of local governments. It provides as a policy that "the State shall guarantee and promote the autonomy of the local government units -- especially the barangays -- to ensure their fullest development as self-reliant communities." Article X Section 3 of 1987 Philippine Constitution states that “ The Congress shall enact a local government code which shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization with effective mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide for the qualifications, election, appointment and removal, term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local officials, and all other matters relating to the organization and operation of the local units.” The President of the Philippines exercises supervision over the whole country. But for purposes of administrative control, the Philippines is divided into units of different sizes - known as political subdivisions; these are provinces, municipalities, cities, and barangays. These political subdivisions enjoy autonomy, especially in local affairs. But, they are also under the general supervision of the Chief Executive, through the Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). These local governments are agencies of the national government in the matter of collection of taxes, law enforcement, and other governmental functions, which may be delegated by the national government to these local governments. Roles, Functions, and Organization PROVINCES

The provincial government takes care of the function so which affect the people of a certain province. The province is the largest political unit in the Philippines. It possesses the following powers:

1. to acquire and transfer real and personal properties;
2. to enter into contracts, including those incurring obligations, which are expressly provided by law; and
3. to exercise such other rights and incur such other obligations as are expressly authorized by law. There are 77 provinces in the Philippines. They are classified according to their average income for five consecutive years. The higher the income of the province, the higher is its classification. The salaries that can be paid to the provincial officials depend upon the class to which it belongs. Higher salaries are paid to the officials of the higher-class provinces. A province elects its executives - the governor, vice governor, and the members of the provincial board (vocales). There are three vocales in the first, second, and third class provinces, and two in the other classes of provinces. The rest of the provincial officials - like the provincial treasurer, provincial assessor, district auditor, judges of the Regional Trial courts, provincial fiscal, division superintendent of schools, district health officer, district engineer, and register of deeds - are all appointed by the corresponding departments of the national government. However, under the New Local Government Code, they are the administrative control of the provincial governor. The election of the governor, vice governor, and members of the provincial board takes place on the Second Tuesday of November of the election year. They hold office for three years. They cannot serve for more than three consecutive terms. The provincial governor exercises general supervisory powers over the entire province. He also makes known to the people of his province all laws and orders of the government, especially those which directly concern them and sees to it that they are faithfully carried out. He acquaints himself with the conditions of the municipalities comprising the province and advises local officials in matters affecting their official work. The provincial board is the law making body of the province, with the provincial governor serving as the presiding officer. Some of its most important functions are as follows: a) it passes laws for the welfare of the municipalities and cities within its jurisdiction;

municipality belongs. Each councilor is in-charge of a village or barangay. Some of the more important mandatory powers of the municipal council are the following:

1. to fix the salaries of all municipal offices and employees, except the treasurer, teachers in the public schools, and staff of national government agencies assigned to the municipality;
2. to provide for expenses necessary to carry out the functions of the municipality;
3. to provide for buildings adequate for municipal uses, including school houses;
4. to provide for the levy and collection of taxes, fees, and charges as sources of municipal revenue; and
5. to establish and maintain an efficient police department and an adequate municipal jail. CITIES The chartered city is also a unit of local administration. It is created by a special law which serves as its charter. The charter is the constitution of the city. The charter creates the city, defines its boundaries, provides its system of government, and defines the powers and duties of its officials. A city or any of its officials cannot perform any official act which is not permitted by its charter. The city elective officials are the mayor, vice mayor, and the members of the board of councilors. They are elected for a term of three years. They cannot serve for more than three consecutive terms. The mayor is the executive official of the city, aided by the appointive heads of the various departments. The vice mayor is the presiding officer of the board. And the city courts exercise judicial functions. The lawmaking body of the city is council. Among its important functions are as follows:
6. to levy and collect taxes in accordance with law;
7. to enact ordinances;
8. to provide for public works constructions and for the maintenance of a local police force;

4. to establish fire zones within the city and to regulated the type of building which may be constructed within each zone; and
5. to provide for the protection of the inhabitants from public calamities and to provide relied in times of emergency. There are 67 chartered cities in the Philippines. BARANGAYS Each municipality or city is composed of a number of villages or barangays. The barangays are the smallest units of local government in the Philippines. They are governed by the Barrio Charter. The elective officials of the barangays are the Barangay Captain and the Barangay Councilors. As chief executive, the barangay captain is its recognized leader. He enforces all the laws and ordinances applicable to his constituency. He may organize fire brigades, preside over all meetings both of the barangay council and assembly, organize groups of citizens to fight criminality and brigandage, and approve all payments from barangay funds. He also sings all contacts in which the barangay is a party. There are 41, 945 barangays in the Philippines. They are public corporations and so, they can sue and be sued in court; can enter into contracts, can acquire and hold all kinds of property; and can exercise such powers or perform such acts as are provided by law. Source: http://www.ph.net/htdocs/government/phil/loc-gov/index.html Figure 1: Structure of Local Government (Padilla, 1998) Photo Source: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/roleoflocalgovernment-110826092012-phpapp02/95/role-of-local-govern ment-11-728.jpg?cb=

Infrastructure Tourism Education Activity 4: What Have I Learned So Far? Directions: Write a reflection learned from the discussion. In writing your reflection, you have to complete the sentence below on the lines provided. I learned that___________________________________________________________

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I realized that___________________________________________________________

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If given a chance________________________________________________________

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What I Have Learned

Local government unit is defined as institutional units with fiscal, legislative and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes. The President of the Philippines exercises supervision over the whole country. But for purposes of administrative control, the Philippines is divided into units of different sizes - known as political subdivisions. These are provinces, municipalities, cities, and barangays. These political subdivisions enjoy autonomy, especially in local affairs. But, they are also under the general supervision of the Chief Executive, through the Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).

What I Can Do

The Local Government Unit and its people should work

hand-in-hand in order to ensure a healthy and progressive community.

With this, your task is to make an interview to a Barangay Captain in

your locality and ask them about their projects and initiatives to make

your place a safe and develop barangay. Use the template provided in

conducting the interview and answer the following questions.

Name of Barangay Official: __________________________________

Designation: Barangay Captain

Number of Years in Service: _________________________________

Name of Project: ____________________________________________

Description of Project:

________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. If you are the Barangay Captain in your own Barangay, what are

your top three possible projects and why?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Post test Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer, and write the CAPITAL LETTER of your answer in the space provided.