Critical Interpretations: Macbeth
Shakespearean tragedy: Macbeth, the tragic hero, holds an elevated
position in society, until his hubris (ambition), propelled by the outside
agents of the supernatural, motivate a series of actions culminating in the
fulfilment of his ambition: sovereignty. Ultimately a cause of suffering for
both Macbeth and Scotland at large, proving it moves away from the
typical bleak outcomes of a Greek tragedy and sways towards a Christian
drama that incites hope as Shakespeare delivers the restoration of the
Divine Right in the form of Malcolm.
Controversial play facing huge feminist criticism: Questionable take
on Shakespeare clearly equating female power with negativity, as well as
a society that values masculine aggression
Marxist Critique: Marxist perspective would strongly believe Macbeth’s
unchecked ambition and rise to power is a direct manifestation of class
conflict in a hierarchical society. Considering his usurpation of the crown,
resulting in socio-economic implications from his reign, highlighting the
disparity between the ruling elite and the common people
Psychoanalysis of Macbeth: The witches’ prophecies could be a
physical manifestation of Macbeth’s own suppressed desires, a concept
further supported by his nightly dreams that torment him and as per the
Freudian explanation, his inescapable ‘death-drive’ towards self-
destruction
Political play: Shakespeare consciously explores the themes of kingship
and legitimacy to reflect the specific anxieties around succession and
treason, alongside an exploration in the inseparability of a ruler’s moral
character and the welfare of a state. Shakespeare’s endorsed many
messages that held great favour with King James I; intelligently
acknowledged considering his reliance on royal patronage.
