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Mastitis
Goal: to produce as much milk as possible and one live calve every 12/13 months per cow
Mastitis – inflammation of the breast
Animal health – loss of quarters, reduce milk production, well being of cattle
Human health – potential source of disease, antibiotics in milk, poor milk quality
Clinical and subclinical presentations
Somatic Cell Count – SCC x If increase = reduce potential of milk production/yr x Low SCC = good quality
Milk quality and safety – dairy products x More sodium in mastitis – affects bacteria in products x Basic component of milk change o Increase blood proteins, sodium, calcium x Salmonella, listerial, E.coli, Staph aureus
Affects on reproduction x Reduces reproductive efficiency o Interval to first estrus, first service and services per concenption x Prego cow w/ clinical mastitis o Increase risk of pregnancy loss more than 3X than prego cow w/o mastitis
Affects on farm profitability x Dec milk production o 70% of total costs o No visible to producers x Discard milk to treatment x Affect reproduction o Inc interval to pregonancy o Inc pregnancy loss x Culling x Death of animals – esp during summer x Effect on penalties and lost quality premiums x Drugs and professional services
Timing of infection x Higher when dry off o Allows to get ready for next lactation and colostrum for next calve
Anatomy of Udder x Independent 4 quarters o Can dry one quarter and only have an infection in one x Quarter – pics x Natural defense o Sphincter w/ caratin to form barrier to keep bacterial from entering canal o React by invading leukocytes – slide o Teat canal is open during milking – bacteria easier to enter x Pathophysiology o Bacteria enter teat canal at some time btw milking or during milking o Bacteria reproduce in teat canal and teat cistern and udder cistern o Bacteria continue to reproduce slowly or rapidly and get into alveoli o Leukocytes pass from blood into alveoli to fight invading bacteria o These clots can block milk ducts Alveoli swell and milk production stops o Inflammation progresses Quarter may bkm swollen, red, hot, hard, painful o Bacteria product toxins that disseminate through blood into whole body o Abnormal milk and swollen udder – animal may now be ill
SubClincial Mastitis x Presence of infection w/o apparent sigsn of local inflammation or systemic involvement x Detection best by: o Examination of milk for somatic cell counts Predominately neutrophils x SCC o Bulk tank SCC determines <200,000 – not infected 200,000 – 300, x Not infected, infected by minor pathogen, infected in one quarter > 300,000 – infected in one quarter or recovering
Clinical Mastitis x Mild o Inflammatory response to infection causing visibly abnormal milk o Not changes in udder No swelling heat, pain, redness o ONLY abnormal milk x Moderate o Inflammatory response to inflection causeing visibly abdnormal milk and changes in udder o Udder changes Swelling, pain, pain, redness Only to mammary gland
x Moderate o Treat udder w/ antibiotic x Severe o Treat udder w/ antibiotic, supportive therapy
Mastitis treatments x IMM therapy o Approved product o Correct antibiotic – based on culture reports o Correct technique o Cow history, treatments and results o Use standard written protocols x Supportive treatment o Treat symptoms o Oxytocin after milking, stripping
Mastitis prevention x Contagious o Proper milking technique Prodedure, training, monitoring o Predipping o Maintain milking equipment o Milk contagious cows last x Environmental o Keep cows clean Proper bedding, clean and dry General farm housekeeping x Manure, udder, flies o Udder flaming, tail docking o Cow comfort, stall o Postdipping – barrier dips After milking o Increase natural defense Vaccines – not 100% effective x Complement to correct management x Salmonella, E. coli x Prepartum, Mycoplasma – produces scar tissue around
Clinical Cure x When quarter and milk are back to normal
Bacteriological Cure x Culture is negative
Teat problems x Excessive congestion x Ring at teat base x Teat chapping, warts x Herpes, pseudo-cowpox
Udder conformation x Want udder not lower than tarsus x If down o Produce lots of milk o Age o Broken ligaments of mammary gland
6 Point Plan for Control
- Proper milking hygiene of all teats a. 1 paper towel/cow
- Use adequate milking machines
- Post-milking teat dipping of all teats
- Dry cow therapy of all quarters of all cows
- Treat and record all cases of clinical mastitis
- Cull chronic cases of mastitis
Ideal milking order x First calving cows x High producer cows x Medium producer cows x Low producer cows x High somatic cell count cows x Mastitic cows
