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WB-2220 Procedure for Obtaining Test Coupons and Specimens for Quenched and
- ARTICLE WB-
- WB-2100 General Requirements for Material
- WB-2110 Scope of Principal Terms Employed
- WB-2120 Containment System Material
- WB-2121 Permitted Material Specifications.
- WB-2122 Special Requirements Conflicting With Permitted Material Specifications
- WB-2123 Size Ranges
- WB-2124 Fabricated Hubbed Flanges.
- WB-2125 Bolting Material
- WB-2130 Certification of Material
- WB-2140 Welding Material
- WB-2150 Material Identification
- WB-2160 Deterioration of Material in Service.
- WB-2170 Heat Treatment to Enhance Impact Properties
- WB-2180 Procedures for Heat Treatment of Material
- WB-2200 Material Test Coupons and Specimens for Ferritic Steel Material
- WB-2210 Heat Treatment Requirements
- WB-2211 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for Ferritic Material
- WB-2212 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for Quenched and Tempered Material
- WB-2212.1 Cooling Rates
- WB-2212.2 General Procedures.
- WB-2221 General Requirements
- WB-2222 Plates
- WB-2222.1 Number of Tension Test Coupons
- WB-2222.2 Orientation and Location of Coupons
- WB-2222.3 Requirements for Separate Test Coupons
- WB-2223 Forgings
- WB-2223.1 Location of Coupons
- WB-2223.2 Very Thick or Complex Forgings.
- WB-2223.3 Coupons From Separately Produced Test Forgings.
- WB-2223.4 Test Specimens for Forgings
- WB-2224 Location of Coupons
- WB-2225 Tubular Products and Fittings
- WB-2225.1 Location of Coupons
- WB-2225.2 Separately Produced Coupons Representing Fittings.
- Castings). WB-2226 Tensile Test Specimen Location (for Quenched and Tempered Ferritic Steel
- WB-2300 Fracture Toughness Requirements for Material
- WB-2310 Material to Be Toughness Tested
- WB-2311 Material for Which Toughness Testing Is Required
- WB-2320 Impact Test Procedures
- WB-2321 Types of Tests
- WB-2321.1 Drop Weight Tests
- WB-2321.2 Charpy V-Notch Tests.
- WB-2321.3 Fracture Toughness Tests
- WB-2321.4 Dynamic Tear Test.
- WB-2322 Test Specimens
- WB-2322.1 Location of Test Specimens.
- WB-2322.2 Orientation of Toughness Test Specimens
- WB-2330 Test Requirements and Acceptance Standards
- WB-2331 Material for Containment Vessels
- WB-2331.1 Test Requirements for Ferritic Steel Material for Containment Vessels
- WB-2331.2 Acceptance Standards for Ferritic Steel Material for Containment Vessels.
- WB-2332 Material for Piping and Valves, Excluding Bolting Material
- WB-2333 Bolting Material
- WB-2340 Number of Toughness Tests Required.
- WB-2341 Plates
- WB-2342 Forgings and Castings
- WB-2343 Bars
- WB-2344 Tubular Products and Fittings
- WB-2345 Bolting Material
- WB-2346 Test Definitions
- WB-2350 Retests.
- WB-2360 Calibration of Instruments and Equipment
- WB-2400 Welding and Brazing Material
- WB-2410 General Requirements
- WB-2420 Required Tests.
- WB-2430 Weld Metal Tests
- WB-2431 Mechanical Properties Test.
- WB-2431.1 General Test Requirements.
- WB-2431.2 Standard Test Requirements
- WB-2432 Chemical Analysis Test.
- WB-2432.1 Test Method.
- WB-2432.2 Requirements for Chemical Analysis
- WB-2433 Delta Ferrite Determination
- WB-2433.1 Method
- WB-2433.2 Acceptance Standards.
- WB-2440 Storage and Handling of Welding Material
- WB-2450 Brazing Material
- WB-2500 Examination and Repair of Containment System Material
- WB-2510 Examination of Containment System Material
- WB-2520 Examination After Quenching and Tempering
- WB-2530 Examination and Repair of Plate
- WB-2531 Required Examination
- WB-2532 Examination Procedures.
- WB-2532.1 Straight Beam Examination
- WB-2532.2 Angle Beam Examination
- WB-2537 Time of Examination
- WB-2538 Elimination of Surface Defects
- WB-2539 Repair by Welding
- WB-2539.1 Defect Removal.
- WB-2539.2 Qualification of Welding Procedures and Welders
- WB-2539.3 Blending of Repaired Areas.
- WB-2539.4 Examination of Repair Welds
- WB-2539.5 Heat Treatment After Repairs
- WB-2539.6 Material Report Describing Defects and Repairs.
- WB-2539.7 Repair of Cladding by Welding
- WB-2540 Examination and Repair of Forgings and Bars
- WB-2541 Required Examinations
- WB-2542 Ultrasonic Examination
- WB-2542.1 Examination Procedure
- WB-2542.2 Acceptance Standards.
- WB-2545 Magnetic Particle Examination.
- WB-2545.1 Examination Procedure
- WB-2545.2 Evaluation of Indications
- WB-2545.3 Acceptance Standards.
- WB-2546 Liquid Penetrant Examination
- WB-2546.1 Examination Procedure
- WB-2546.2 Evaluation of Indications
- WB-2546.3 Acceptance Standards.
- WB-2547 Time of Examination
- WB-2548 Elimination of Surface Defects
- WB-2549 Repair by Welding
- WB-2550 Examination and Repair of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products and Fittings
- WB-2551 Required Examination
- WB-2552 Ultrasonic Examination
- WB-2552.1 Examination Procedure for Pipe and Tubing
- WB-2552.2 Examination Procedure for Fittings
- WB-2552.3 Reference Specimens
- WB-2552.4 Checking and Calibration of Equipment
- WB-2553 Radiographic Examination.
- WB-2554 Eddy Current Examination
- WB-2554.1 Examination Procedure
- WB-2554.2 Reference Specimens
- WB-2554.3 Checking and Calibration of Equipment
- WB-2555 Magnetic Particle Examination.
- WB-2556 Liquid Penetrant Examination
- WB-2557 Time of Examination
- WB-2558 Elimination of Surface Defects
- WB-2559 Repair by Welding
- WB-2570 Examination and Repair of Statically and Centrifugally Cast Products
- WB-2571 Required Examination
- WB-2572 Time of Nondestructive Examination
- WB-2573 Provisions for Repair of Base Material by Welding
- WB-2573.1 Defect Removal.
- WB-2573.2 Repair by Welding
- WB-2573.3 Qualification of Welding Procedures and Welders
- WB-2573.4 Blending of Repaired Areas.
- WB-2573.5 Examination of Repair Welds
- WB-2573.6 Heat Treatment After Repairs
- WB-2573.7 Elimination of Surface Defects
- WB-2573.8 Material Report Describing Defects and Repairs.
- WB-2574 Ultrasonic Examination of Ferritic Steel Castings.
- WB-2574.1 Acceptance Standards.
- WB-2575 Radiographic Examination.
- WB-2575.1 Examination
- WB-2575.2 Extent
- WB-2575.3 Examination Procedure
- WB-2575.4 Procedure Requirements
- WB-2575.5 Radiographic Setup Information
- WB-2575.6 Acceptance Criteria
- WB-2576 Liquid Penetrant Examination
- WB-2577 Magnetic Particle Examination (for Ferritic Steel Products Only).
- WB-2580 Examination of Bolts, Studs, and Nuts
- WB-2581 Required Examination
- WB-2582 Visual Examination
- WB-2583 Magnetic Particle Examination (for Ferritic Steel Bolting Material Only)
- WB-2583.1 Examination Procedure
- WB-2583.2 Evaluation of Indications
- WB-2583.3 Acceptance Standard
- WB-2584 Liquid Penetrant Examination
- WB-2584.1 Examination Procedure
- WB-2584.2 Evaluation of Indications
- WB-2584.3 Acceptance Standard
- WB-2585 Ultrasonic Examination for Sizes Greater Than 2 in. (51 mm).
- WB-2585.1 Ultrasonic Method
- WB-2585.2 Examination Procedure
- WB-2585.3 Calibration of Equipment
- WB-2585.4 Acceptance Standard
- WB-2586 Ultrasonic Examination for Sizes Over 4 in. (102 mm)
- WB-2586.1 Ultrasonic Method
- WB-2586.2 Examination Procedure
- WB-2586.3 Calibration of Equipment
- WB-2586.4 Acceptance Standard
- WB-2587 Time of Examination
- WB-2588 Elimination of Surface Defects
- WB-2589 Repair by Welding
- WB-2600 Material Organization’s Quality System Programs
- WB-2610 Documentation and Maintenance of Quality System Programs
- WB-2700 Dimensional Standards
- WB-2433.1-1 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content Figures
- WB-2552-1 Axial Propagation of Sound in Tube Wall.
- WB-2575.2-1 Typical Parts of Valves for Radiographic Examination
Tables WB-2331.2-1 Required LST-RT (^) NDT Values for Ferritic Steel Material for Containment Vessel Material........................................................... 78 WB-2331.2-2 Required Fracture Toughness Values for Ferritic Steel Material for Containment Vessels Having a Specified Yield Strength of 50 ksi or Less at 100°F......... 78 WB-2332(a)-1 Required C (^) v Values for Piping and Valves.................................... 79 WB-2333-1 Required C (^) v Values for Bolting Material...................................... 79 WB-2432.1-1 Sampling of Welding Materials for Chemical Analysis.......................... 83 WB-2432.2(a)-1 Chemical Analysis for Reactor Vessel Welding Material........................ 84 WB-2432.2(a)-2 Chemical Analysis for Welding Material for Other Than Reactor Vessel Welds................................................................... 84 WB-2571-1 Required Examinations...................................................... 94
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ARTICLE WB-
MATERIAL
WB-2100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR MATERIAL
WB-2110 SCOPE OF PRINCIPAL TERMS
EMPLOYED
(a) The term material as used in this Subsection is defined in WA-1220. The term Material Organization is defined in WA-3800. (b) The term containment system material as used in this Subsection applies to items such as vessel shells and heads; reinforcement around openings and penetrations and appurtenances such as leak testing and drainage ports, and structural reinforcements required by design to maintain structural integrity. (c) The requirements of this Article make reference to the term thickness. For the purpose intended, the following definitions of nominal thickness apply. (1) plate — the thickness is the dimension of the short transverse direction (2) forgings — the thickness is the dimension defined as follows: (a) hollow forgings — the nominal thickness is measured between the inside and outside surfaces (radial thickness) (b) disk forgings (axial length less than the outside diameter) — the nominal thickness is the axial length (c) flat ring forgings (axial length less than the radial thickness) — for axial length ≤ 2 in. (51 mm), the axial length is the nominal thickness. For axial length > 2 in. (51 mm), the radial thickness is the nominal thickness. (d) rectangular solid forgings — the least rectan- gular dimension is the nominal thickness (3) castings (a) Thickness t for fracture toughness testing is defined as the nominal pipe wall thickness of the connecting piping. (b) Thickness t for heat treatment purposes is defined as the thickness of the pressure retaining wall
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of the casting, excluding flanges and sections designated by the designer as nonpressure retaining.
WB-2120 CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
MATERIAL
WB-2121 Permitted Material Specifications (a) Containment system material and material welded thereto, except as permitted in WB-4435, and except for welding, brazing, and hard surfacing metals and cladding which is 10% or less of the thickness of the base material (WB-3122), shall conform to the requirements of one of the specifications for material given in Section II, Part D for Division 1, Class 1 or Division 3 Class TP construction and to all of the special requirements of this Article which apply to the product form in which the material is used. (b) The requirements of this Article do not apply to seals, packaging, gaskets, and valve seats. (c) Material made to specifications other than those specified in Section II, Part D, for Division 1, Class 1 or Division 3, Class TP may be used for pressure relief disks. (d) Material for instrument line fittings, NPS 1 (DN
- and less, may be of material made to specifications other than those listed in Appendix 1 provided that the material is determined to be adequate for the service conditions by the containment system designer. (e) Welding and brazing material used in the manu- facture of items shall comply with an SFA specification in Section II, Part C, except as otherwise permitted in Section IX, and shall also comply with the applicable requirements of this Article. The requirements of this Article do not apply to material used as backing rings or backing strips in welded joints.
WB-2122 1998 SECTION III — DIVISION 3 WB-
WB-2122 Special Requirements Conflicting With Permitted Material Specifications Special requirements stipulated in this Article shall apply in lieu of the requirements of the material specifi- cation wherever the special requirements conflict with the material specification requirements (WA-3856). Where the special requirements include an examination, test, or treatment which is also required by the material specification, the examination, test, or treatment need be performed only once. Required nondestructive exami- nations shall be performed as specified for each product form in WB-2500. Any examination, repair, test, or treatment required by the material specification or by this Article may be performed by the Material Organiza- tion or the Certificate Holder as provided in WB-4121. Any hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure test required by a material specification need not be performed, provided the material is identified as not having been pressure tested and it is subsequently pressure tested in the system in accordance with WB-6114, except where the location of the material in the component or the installa- tion would prevent performing any nondestructive exam- ination required by the material specification to be performed subsequent to the hydrostatic or pneu- matic test.
WB-2123 Size Ranges
Material outside the limits of size or thickness given in any specification in Section II may be used if the material is in compliance with the other requirements of the specification and no size limitation is given in the rules for construction. In those specifications in which chemical composition or mechanical properties are indicated to vary with size or thickness, any material outside the specification range shall be required to conform to the composition and mechanical properties shown for the nearest specified range (WA-3856).
WB-2124 Fabricated Hubbed Flanges
Fabricated hubbed flanges shall be in accordance with the following. (a) Hubbed flanges may be machined from a hot rolled or forged billet. The axis of the finished flange shall be parallel to the long axis of the original billet. (This is not intended to imply that the axis of the finished flange and the original billet must be concentric.) (b) Hubbed flanges, except as permitted in (a) above, shall not be machined from plate or bar stock material unless the material has been formed into a ring, and further provided that:
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(1) in a ring formed from plate, the original plate surfaces are parallel to the axis of the finished flange (this is not intended to imply that the original plate surface must be present in the finished flange); (2) the joints in the ring are welded butt joints that conform to the requirements of this Division. Thickness to be used to determine postweld heat treat- ment and radiography requirements shall be the lesser of t , or ( A − B ) /2, where these symbols are as defined in Appendix XI-3130. (c) The back of the flange and the outer surface of the hub shall be examined by the magnetic particle method or the liquid penetrant method in accordance with WB-2540 to ensure that these surfaces are free from defects.
WB-2125 Bolting Material (a) Material for bolts and studs shall conform to the requirements of one of the specifications listed in Section II, Part D, Subpart 1, Table 4. Material for nuts shall conform to SA-194 or to the requirements of one of the specifications for nuts or bolting listed in Section II, Part D, Subpart 1, Table 4. (b) The use of washers is optional. When used, they shall be made of wrought material with mechanical properties compatible with the nuts with which they are to be employed.
WB-2130 CERTIFICATION OF MATERIAL
All material used in construction of components shall be certified as required in WA-3862. Certified Material Test Reports are required for containment system mate- rial except as provided by WA-3862. A Certificate of Compliance may be provided in lieu of a Certified Material Test Report for all other material. Copies of all Certified Material Test Reports and Certificates of Compliance applicable to material used in a component shall be furnished with the material.
WB-2140 WELDING MATERIAL
For the requirements governing the material to be used for welding, see WB-2400.
WB-2150 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
The identification of containment system material and materials welded thereto shall meet the requirements of WA-3856. Material for small items shall be controlled
WB-2212.2 1998 SECTION III — DIVISION 3 WB-2223.
of the methods to be used shall be the obligation of the Material Organization and the Certificate Holder. (a) Any procedure may be used which can be demon- strated to produce a cooling rate in the test material which matches the cooling rate of the main body of the product at the region midway between midthickness and the surface (^1 ⁄ 4 t ) and no nearer any heat treated edge than a distance equal to the nominal thickness t being quenched within 25°F and 20 sec at all tempera- tures after cooling begins from the austenitizing temper- ature. (b) If cooling rate data for the material and cooling rate control devices for the test specimens are available, the test specimens may be heat treated in the device to represent the material, provided that the provisions of (a) above are met. (c) When any of the specific procedures described in WB-2220 are used, faster cooling rates at the edges may be compensated for by: (1) taking the test specimens at least t from a quenched edge, where t equals the material thickness; (2) attaching a steel pad at least t wide by a partial penetration weld (which completely seals the buffered surface) to the edge where specimens are to be removed; or (3) using thermal barriers or insulation at the edge where specimens are to be removed.
It shall be demonstrated (and this information shall be included in the Certified Material Test Report) that the cooling rates are equivalent to (a) or (b) above.
WB-2220 PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING
TEST COUPONS AND SPECIMENS
FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED
MATERIAL
WB-2221 General Requirements
The procedure for obtaining test coupons and speci- mens for quenched and tempered material is related to the product form. Coupon and specimen location and the number of tension test specimens shall be in accord- ance with the material specifications, except as required by the following paragraphs. References to dimensions signify nominal values.
WB-2222 Plates
WB-2222.1 Number of Tension Test Coupons. The number of tension test coupons required shall be in accordance with the material specification and with SA-20, except that from carbon steel plates weighing
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42,000 lb and over and alloy steel plates weighing 40,000 lb and over, two tension test coupons shall be taken, one representing the top end of the plate and one representing the bottom end of the plate.
WB-2222.2 Orientation and Location of Coupons. Coupons shall be taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal axes at least 1 ⁄ 4 t from a rolled surface and with the midlength of the specimen at least t from any heat treated edge, where t is the nominal thickness of the material.
WB-2222.3 Requirements for Separate Test Cou- pons. Where a separate test coupon is used to represent the component material, it shall be of sufficient size to ensure that the cooling rate of the region from which the test coupons are removed represents the cooling rate of the material at least 1 ⁄ 4 t deep and t from any edge of the product. Unless cooling rates applicable to the bulk pieces or product are simulated in accordance with WB-2212.2(b), the dimensions of the coupon shall be not less than 3 t × 3 t × t, where t is the nominal material thickness.
WB-2223 Forgings WB-2223.1 Location of Coupons. Coupons shall be taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal axes at least 1 ⁄ 4 t from any surface and with the midlength of the specimens at least t from any second surface, where t is the maximum heat treated thickness. A thermal buffer as described in WB-2212.2(c) may be used to achieve these conditions, unless cooling rates applicable to the bulk forgings are simulated as other- wise provided in WB-2212.2.
WB-2223.2 Very Thick or Complex Forgings. Test coupons for forgings that are very thick or complex and other forgings that are contour shaped or machined to essentially the finished product configuration prior to heat treatment may be removed from prolongations or other stock provided on the product. The Certificate Holder shall specify the surfaces of the finished product subjected to high tensile stresses in service. The coupons shall be taken so that specimens shall have their longitu- dinal axes at a distance below the nearest heat treated surface, equivalent at least to the greatest distance that the indicated high tensile stress surface will be from the nearest surface during heat treatment, and with the midlength of the specimens a minimum of twice this distance from a second heat treated surface. In any case, the longitudinal axes of the specimens shall not be nearer than 3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm) to any heat treated surface and the midlength of the specimens shall be
WB-2223.2 WB-2000 — MATERIAL WB-
at least 1^1 ⁄ 2 in. (38 mm) from any second heat treated surface.
WB-2223.3 Coupons From Separately Produced Test Forgings. Test coupons representing forgings from one heat and one heat treatment lot may be taken from a separately forged piece under the conditions given in (a) through (e) below. (a) The separate test forging shall be of the same heat of material and shall be subjected to substantially the same reduction and working as the production forging it represents. (b) The separate test forging shall be heat treated in the same furnace charge and under the same condi- tions as the production forging. (c) The separate test forging shall be of the same nominal thickness as the production forging. (d) Test coupons for simple forgings shall be taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal axes at the region midway between midthickness and the sur- face, and with the midlength of the specimens no nearer any heat treated edge than a distance equal to the forging thickness, except when the thickness–length ratio of the production forging does not permit, in which case a production forging shall be used as the test forging and the midlength of the specimens shall be at the midlength of the test forging. (e) Test coupons for complex forgings shall be taken in accordance with WB-2223.2.
WB-2223.4 Test Specimens for Forgings. When test specimens for forgings are to be taken under the applicable specification, the Inspector shall have the option of witnessing the selection, placing an identifying stamping on them, and witnessing the testing of these specimens.
WB-2224 Location of Coupons
(a) Bars. Coupons shall be taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal axes at least 1 ⁄ 4 t from the outside or rolled surface and with the midlength of the specimens at least t from a heat treated end, where t is either the bar diameter or thickness. (b) Bolting. For bolting materials, tests shall be made of either full-size bolts or test coupons as required by the base specification. The gage length of the tension specimens and the area under the notch of Charpy specimens shall be at least one diameter or thickness from the heat treated end.
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WB-2225 Tubular Products and Fittings WB-2225.1 Location of Coupons. Coupons shall be taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal axes at least 1 ⁄ 4 t from the inside or outside surface and with the midlength of the specimens at least t from a heat treated end, where t is the nominal wall thickness of the tubular product.
WB-2225.2 Separately Produced Coupons Repre- senting Fittings. Separately produced test coupons rep- resenting fittings may be used. When separately pro- duced coupons are used, the requirements of WB- 2223.3 shall be met.
WB-2226 Tensile Test Specimen Location (for Quenched and Tempered Ferritic Steel Castings)
NOTE: Users of this requirement should note that the hardenability of some grades may limit the usable section size.
(a) This section applies only to quenched and tem- pered ferritic steel castings with a thickness t exceeding 2 in. (51 mm) where t is the thickness of the pressure retaining wall of the casting, excluding flanges and sections designated by the designer as nonpressure- retaining. The order, inquiry, and drawing shall desig- nate what the thickness t is for the casting. (b) One of the following shall apply. (1) The longitudinal centering of the thickness of the tension test specimen shall be taken at least 1 ⁄ 4 t from the t dimension surface. For cylindrical castings, the longitudinal center line of the specimens shall be taken at least 1 ⁄ 4 t from the outside or inside surface and the gage length at least t from the as-heat-treated end. (2) Where separately cast test coupons are used, their dimensions shall be not less than 3 t × 3 t × t and each specimen cut from it shall meet the requirements of (b)(1) above. The test coupon shall be of the same heat of steel and shall receive substantially the same casting practices as the production casting it represents. (Centrifugal castings may be represented by statically cast coupons.) The test coupon shall be heat treated under the same conditions as the production casting(s). The t dimension of the test coupon shall be the same maximum thickness t as defined in (a) above. Where separate test blocks require reheat treatment, thermal buffers in accordance with (b)(1) above may be used. (3) Where specimens are to be removed from the body of the casting, a steel, thermal buffer pad 1 t × 1 t × at least 3 t shall be joined to the casting surface by a partial penetration weld completely sealing the buffered surface prior to the heat treatment process.
WB-2321.3 WB-2000 — MATERIAL WB-2331.
performed at the lowest service temperature.^2 A test shall consist of two test specimens.
WB-2321.4 Dynamic Tear Test. The dynamic tear tests, when required, shall be performed in accordance with ASTM E 604-83. The tests shall be performed at the lowest service temperature.^2 A test shall consist of two test specimens.
WB-2322 Test Specimens
WB-2322.1 Location of Test Specimens. Toughness test specimens for quenched and tempered material shall be removed from the locations in each product form specified in WB-2220 for tensile test specimens. For material in other heat treated conditions, toughness test specimens shall be removed from the locations specified for tensile test specimens in the material specification. For all material, the number of tests shall be in accordance with WB-2340. For bolting, the Cv toughness test specimen shall be taken with the longitu- dinal axis of the specimen located at least one-half radius or 1 in. (25 mm) below the surface plus the machining allowance per side, whichever is less. The fracture plane of the specimens shall be at least one diameter or thickness from the heat treated end. When the studs, nuts, or bolts are not of sufficient length, the midlength of the specimen shall be at the midlength of the studs, nuts, or bolts. The studs, nuts, or bolts selected to provide test coupon material shall be identical with respect to the quenched contour and size except for length, which shall equal or exceed the length of the represented studs, nuts, or bolts.
WB-2322.2 Orientation of Toughness Test Spec- imens (a) Toughness test specimens shall be oriented as follows. (1) Specimens for forgings, other than bolting and bars used for containment system components, shall be oriented in a direction normal to the principal direction in which the material was worked. Specimens are neither required nor prohibited from the thickness direction. (2) Specimens from material for pipe, tube, and fittings, except for those made from plate and castings, shall be oriented in the axial direction. (3) Specimens from bolting material and bars shall be oriented in the axial direction. (4) Specimens for all plate material, including that used for pipe, tube, and fittings, shall be oriented in
(^2) Lowest service temperature is the minimum metal temperature as detailed in the Design Specification.
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a direction normal to the principal rolling direction, other than thickness direction. (5) Specimens for cast material shall have their axes oriented the same as the axes of the tensile specimens (WB-2226). (6) The plane of the toughness test specimen notch shall be normal to the surface of the material. (b) Specimens for drop weight tests may have their axes oriented in any direction. The orientation used shall be reported in the Certified Material Test Report.
WB-2330 TEST REQUIREMENTS AND
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS^3
WB-2331 Material for Containment Vessels WB-2331.1 Test Requirements for Ferritic Steel Material for Containment Vessels Ferritic steel material for containment vessels, other than bolting, shall be tested in accordance with (a) and (b), (c), or (d) below. Consideration shall be given to the test temperature requirements of leak testing and hydrostatic testing of the containment system (WB- 6212). (a) For material with a nominal section between 3 ⁄ 16 in. (4.8 mm) and 5 ⁄ 8 in. (16 mm) thick, the dynamic tear test shall exhibit at least 80% shear fracture at the lowest service temperature. For material of 5 ⁄ 8 in. (16 mm) and more but not exceeding 12 in. ( mm) thick, the reference temperature, RTNDT , shall be established as follows: (1) Determine a temperature TNDT that is at or above the nil-ductility transition temperature by drop weight tests. (2) At a temperature not greater than TNDT 60°F (16°C), each specimen of the Cv test (WB-2321.2) shall exhibit at least 35 mils (0.89 mm) lateral expansion and not less than 50 ft-lb (67.8 J) absorbed energy. Retesting in accordance with WB-2350 is permitted. When these requirements are met, TNDT is the reference temperature RTNDT. (3) In the event that the requirements of (2) above are not met, conduct addition Cv tests in groups of three specimens (WB-2321.2) to determine the temperature Tc at which they are met. In this case the reference temperature RTNDT p Tc − 60°F. Thus, the reference temperature RTNDT is the higher of TNDT and (Tc − 60°F).
(^3) In addition to providing a basis for acceptance standards for material, the test data are designated to be used as a basis for establishing inservice operation and for use in fracture prevention evaluation [WB-3211(d)].
WB-2331.1 1998 SECTION III — DIVISION 3 WB-
(4) When a Cv test has not been performed at TNDT + 60°F, or when the Cv test at TNDT + 60°F, does not exhibit a minimum of 50 ft-lb and 35 mils lateral expansion, a temperature representing a minimum of 50 ft-lb and 35 mils lateral expansion may be obtained from a full Cv impact curve developed from the minimum data points of all the Cv tests performed. (b) Apply the procedures of (a) above to (1), (2), and (3) below: (1) the containment vessel and the closure system base materials; (2) the base material, the heat affected zone, and weld metal from the weld procedure qualification tests in accordance with WB-4330; (3) the weld metal of WB-2431. (c) For materials where fracture toughness values are determined in accordance with WB-2321.3 the measured fracture toughness shall be reported in the Certified Material Test Report. (d) Bars having a width or diameter of 2 in. ( mm) and less which prohibit obtaining drop weight test specimens shall be tested in accordance with WB-2332.
WB-2331.2 Acceptance Standards for Ferritic Steel Material for Containment Vessels Except as limited in WB-4330, the reference tempera- ture RTNDT shall be the highest value of the individual RTNDT values determined in accordance with WB- 2331.1(a) and (b). If applicable, the containment vessel and the closure system base materials shall be tested to determine the fracture toughness in accordance with WB-2321.3. The results shall meet the acceptance stan- dards of either (a) or (b) below: (a) For materials not exceeding 12 in. (305 mm), the reference temperature RTNDT shall satisfy the value of A in accordance with Table WB-2331.2-1 where A p LST − RTNDT and LST is the Lowest Service Temperature. (b) For materials not exceeding 4 in. (102 mm), the rapid-load fracture toughness of the base material shall satisfy the required value in Table WB-2331.2-2 and shall meet the additional requirements of (1) and (2) below: (1) The RTNDT of the heat affected zone and the weld metal shall be equal to or lower than the RTNDT of the base material, and (2) All full penetration fabrication weld joints are ultrasonically examined in accordance with WB- and meet the ultrasonic acceptance standards of WB-
(a) Rules for fracture toughness requirements based on fracture mechanics methodology are in prepa- ration.
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TABLE WB-2331.2- REQUIRED LST-RT (^) NDT VALUES FOR FERRITIC STEEL MATERIAL FOR CONTAINMENT VESSEL MATERIAL
Nominal Wall Thickness, in. A p LST-RT (^) NDT, F° (^5) ⁄ 8 25 1 45 2 75 3 90 4 103 8 115 12 120 GENERAL NOTE: Linear interpolation is permissible.
TABLE WB-2331.2- REQUIRED FRACTURE TOUGHNESS VALUES FOR FERRITIC STEEL MATERIAL FOR CONTAINMENT VESSELS HAVING A SPECIFIED YIELD STRENGTH OF 50 ksi OR LESS AT 100°F
Rapid-load Fracture Nominal Wall Toughness, ksi √ in. Thickness, in. [Note (1)] (^5) ⁄ 8 50 1 64 2 94 3 113 4 130 GENERAL NOTE: Linear interpolation is permissible. NOTE: (1) Measured for test time equal to or less than 10 ms.
WB-2332 Material for Piping and Valves, Excluding Bolting Material (a) Containment boundary material, other than bolt- ing, with nominal wall thickness 2^1 ⁄ 2 in. (64 mm) and less for piping (pipe and tubes) and material for valves and fittings with all pipe connections of nominal wall thickness 2^1 ⁄ 2 in. (64 mm) and less shall be tested as required in (1) and (2) below. (1) Test three Cv specimens at a temperature lower than or equal to the lowest service temperature. All three specimens shall meet the requirements of Table WB-2332(a)-1. (2) Apply the procedures of (1) above to: (a) the base material; (b) the base material, the heat affected zone, and weld metal from the weld procedure qualification tests in accordance with WB-4330; and (c) the weld metal of WB-2431.
WB-2345 1998 SECTION III — DIVISION 3 WB-
treated in one charge or as one continuous operation, not to exceed in weight the following:
13 ⁄ 4 in. diameter and less 1,500 lb Over 1 3 ⁄ 4 in. to 2 1 ⁄ 2 in. diameter 3,000 lb Over 2 1 ⁄ 2 in. to 5 in. diameter 6,000 lb Over 5 in. diameter 10,000 lb
WB-2346 Test Definitions
Unless otherwise stated in WB-2341 through WB- 2345, the term one test is defined to include the combination of the drop weight test and the Cv test when RTNDT is required [WB-2331.1(a) and WB-2331.1(b)] or only the Cv test or the fracture toughness test when RTNDT is not required [WB-2331.1(c) and WB- 2331.1(d)].
WB-2350 RETESTS
(a) For Cv tests required by WB-2330, one retest at the same temperature may be conducted provided the requirements of (1) through (3) below are met: (1) the average value of the test results meets the minimum requirements; (2) not more than one specimen per test is below the minimum requirements; (3) the specimen not meeting the minimum require- ments is not lower than 10 ft-lb or 5 mils below the specified requirements. (b) A retest consists of two additional specimens taken as near as practicable to the failed specimens. For acceptance of the retest, both specimens shall meet the minimum requirements.
WB-2360 CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENTS
AND EQUIPMENT
Calibration of temperature instruments and test ma- chines used in toughness testing shall be performed at the frequency given in (a) and (b) below. (a) Temperature instruments used to control test tem- perature of specimens shall be calibrated and the results recorded to meet the requirements of WA-3858.2 at least once in each 3 month interval. (b) Test machines shall be calibrated at least once per year and the results recorded using methods outlined in ASTM E 23-72 and employing standard specimens obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
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WB-2400 WELDING AND BRAZING
MATERIAL
WB-2410 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
(a) All welding material used in the construction and repair of components or material, except welding material used for cladding or hard surfacing, shall conform to the requirements of the welding material specification or to the requirements for other welding material as permitted in Section IX. In addition, welding material shall conform to the requirements stated in this Subarticle and to the rules covering identification in WB-2150. (b) The Certificate Holder shall provide the organiza- tion performing the testing with the information listed below, as applicable. (1) welding process; (2) SFA Specification and classification; (3) other identification if no SFA Specification applies; (4) minimum tensile strength [WB-2431.1(e)] in the as-welded or heat treated condition or both [WB- 2431.1(c)]; (5) drop weight test for material as-welded or heat treated, or both (WB-2331); (6) Charpy V-notch test for material as-welded or heat treated, or both (WB-2331); the test temperature and the lateral expansion or the absorbed energy shall be provided; (7) Fracture toughness test for material as-welded or heat treated, or both (WB-2331); (8) the preheat and interpass temperatures to be used during welding of the test coupon [WB-2431.1(c)]; (9) postweld heat treatment time, temperature range, and maximum cooling rate, if the production weld will be heat treated [WB-2431.1(c)]; (10) elements for which chemical analysis is re- quired per the SFA Specification or Welding Procedure Specification and WB-2432; (11) minimum delta ferrite (WB-2433).
WB-2420 REQUIRED TESTS
The required tests shall be conducted for each lot of covered, flux cored, or fabricated electrodes; for each heat of bare electrodes, rod, or wire for use with the OFW, GMAW, GTAW, PAW, and EGW (electrogas welding) processes (Section IX, QW-492); for each heat of consumable inserts; for each combination of heat of bare electrodes and lot of submerged arc flux (SAW); for each combination of lot of fabricated electrodes and lot of submerged arc flux; for each
WB-2420 WB-2000 — MATERIAL WB-
combination of heat of bare electrodes or lot of fabri- cated electrodes, and dry blend of supplementary pow- dered filler metal, and lot of submerged arc flux; or for each combination of heat of bare electrodes and lot of electroslag flux (ESW). Tests performed on welding material in the qualification of weld procedures will satisfy the testing requirements for the lot, heat, or combination of heat and batch of welding material used, provided the tests required by WB-4000 and this Subarticle are made and the results conform to the requirements of this Article. The definitions in (a) through (h) below apply. (a) A dry batch of covering mixture is defined as the quantity of dry covering ingredients mixed at one time in one mixing vessel; a dry batch may be used singly or may be subsequently subdivided into quantities to which the liquid binders may be added to produce a number of wet mixes [(c) below]. (b) A dry blend is defined as one or more dry batches mixed in a mixing vessel and combined propor- tionately to produce a uniformity of mixed ingredients equal to that obtained by mixing the same total amount of dry ingredients at one time in one mixing vessel. (c) A wet mix is defined as the combination of a dry batch or dry blend [(a) and (b) above, respectively], and liquid binder ingredients at one time in one mixing vessel. (d) A lot of covered, flux cored, or fabricated elec- trodes is defined as the quantity of electrodes produced from the same combination of heat of metal and dry batch, dry blend, or chemically controlled mixes of flux or core materials. Alternatively, a lot of covered, flux cored, or fabricated electrodes may be considered one type and size of electrode, produced in a continuous period, not to exceed 24 hr and not to exceed 100, lb, from chemically controlled tube, wire, or strip and a dry batch, a dry blend, or chemically controlled mixes of flux, provided each container of welding material is coded for identification and traceable to the production period, the shift, line, and the analysis range of both the mix and the rod, tube, or strip used to make the electrode. (1) Chemically controlled tube, wire, or strip is defined as consumable tube, wire, or strip material supplied on coils with a maximum of one splice per coil that has been chemically analyzed to ensure that the material conforms to the electrode manufacturer’s chemical control limits for the specific type of electrode. Both ends of each coil shall be chemically analyzed, except that those coils which are splice free need only be analyzed on one end of the coil. (2) Chemically controlled mixes of flux are defined as flux material that has been chemically analyzed to
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ensure that it conforms to the percent allowable variation from the electrode manufacturer’s standard for each chemical element for that type electrode. A chemical analysis shall be made on each mix made in an individ- ual mixing vessel after blending. (e) A heat of bare electrode, rod, wire, or consumable insert is defined as the material produced from the same melt of metal. (f) Alternatively, for carbon and low alloy steel bare electrode, rod, wire, or consumable inserts for use with SAW, OFW, GMAW, GTAW, PAW, and EGW processes, a heat may be defined as either the material produced from the same melt of metal or the material produced from one type and size of wire when produced in a continuous period [not to exceed 24 hr and not to exceed 100,000 lb (45,360 kg)] from chemically controlled wire, subject to requirements of (1), (2), and (3) below. (1) For the chemical control of the product of the rod mill, coils shall be limited to a maximum of one splice prior to processing the wire. Chemical analysis shall be made from a sample taken from both ends of each coil of mill coiled rod furnished by mills permitting spliced coil practice of one splice maximum per coil. A chemical analysis need be taken from only one end of rod coils furnished by mills prohibiting spliced coil practice. (2) Carbon, manganese, silicon, and other inten- tionally added elements shall be identified to ensure that the material conforms to the SFA or user’s material specification. (3) Each container of wire shall be coded for identification and traceability to the lot, production period, shift, line, and analysis of rod used to make the wire. (g) A lot of submerged arc or electroslag flux is defined as the quantity of flux produced from the same combination of raw materials under one production schedule. (h) A dry blend of supplementary powdered filler metal is defined as one or more mixes of material produced in a continuous period, not to exceed 24 hr and not to exceed 20,000 lb (9,070 kg) from chemically controlled mixes of powdered filler metal, provided each container of powdered metal is coded for identifi- cation and traceable to the production period, the shift, and the mixing vessel. A chemically controlled mix of powdered filler metal is defined as powdered filler metal material that has been chemically analyzed to assure that it conforms to the percent allowable variation from the powdered filler metal manufacturer’s standard, for each chemical element, for that type of powdered filler metal. A chemical analysis shall be made on each
WB-2431.2 WB-2000 — MATERIAL WB-2432.
Standard Test Requirements option. The limitations and testing under this Standard Test option shall be in accordance with (a) through (f) below. (a) Testing to the requirements of this subparagraph shall be limited to electrode classifications included in Specifications SFA-5.1 or SFA-5.5. (b) The test assembly required by SFA-5.1 or SFA- 5.5, as applicable, shall be used for test coupon prepara- tion, except that it shall be increased in size to obtain the number of Cv specimens, drop weight specimens, and fracture toughness test specimens required by WB- 2330, where applicable. (c) The welding of the test coupon shall conform to the requirements of the SFA Specification for the classification of electrode being tested. Coupons shall be tested in the as-welded condition and also in the postweld heat treated condition. The PWHT tempera- tures shall be in accordance with Table WB-4622.1- for the applicable P-Number equivalent. The time at PWHT temperature shall be 8 hr. (This qualifies PWHT of 10 hr or less.) When the PWHT of the production weld exceeds 10 hr, or the PWHT temperature is other than that required above, the general test of WB-2431. shall be used. (d) The tensile and Cv specimens shall be located and prepared in accordance with the requirements of SFA-5.1 or SFA-5.5, as applicable. Drop weight and fracture toughness test specimens, where required, shall be located and oriented as specified in WB-2431.1(d). (e) One all weld metal tensile specimen shall be tested and shall meet the specified minimum tensile strength requirement of the SFA Specification for the applicable electrode classification. (f) The requirements of WB-2431.1(f) shall be appli- cable to the toughness testing of this option.
WB-2432 Chemical Analysis Test
Chemical analysis of filler metal or weld deposits shall be made in accordance with WB-2420 and as required by the following subparagraphs.
WB-2432.1 Test Method. The chemical analysis test shall be performed in accordance with this subparagraph and Table WB-2432.1-1, and the results shall conform to WB-2432.2. (a) A-No. 8 welding material to be used with GTAW and PAW processes and any other welding material to be used with any GTAW, PAW, or GMAW process shall have chemical analysis performed either on the filler metal or on a weld deposit made with the filler metal in accordance with (c) or (d) below.
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TABLE WB-2432.1- SAMPLING OF WELDING MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
All Other GTAW/PAW GMAW Processes A-No. 8 filler metal Filler metal Weld Weld or weld deposit deposit deposit All other filler metal Filler metal Filler Weld or weld metal deposit deposit or weld deposit
(b) A-No. 8 welding material to be used with other than the GTAW and PAW processes and other welding material to be used with other than the GTAW, PAW, or GMAW process shall have chemical analysis per- formed on a weld deposit of the material or combination of materials being certified in accordance with (c) or (d) below. The removal of chemical analysis samples shall be from an undiluted weld deposit made in accordance with (c) below. As an alternative, the deposit shall be made in accordance with (d) below for material that will be used for corrosion resistant overlay cladding. Where the Welding Procedure Specification or the welding material specification specifies percentage com- position limits for analysis, it shall state that the specified limits apply for the filler metal analysis, the undiluted weld deposit analysis, or in situ cladding deposit analysis in conformance with the above required certification testing. (c) The preparation of samples for chemical analysis of undiluted weld deposits shall comply with the method given in the applicable SFA Specification. Where a weld deposit method is not provided by the SFA specification, the sample shall be removed from a weld pad, groove, or other test weld^4 made using the welding process that will be followed when the welding material or combination of welding materials being certified is consumed. The weld for A-No. 8 material to be used with the GMAW or EGW process shall be made using the shielding gas composition specified in the Welding Procedure Specifications that will be followed when the material is consumed. The test sample for ESW
(^4) The methods given in the Appendix of SFA-5.9, Specification for Corrosion Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes, shall be used to establish a welding and sampling method for the pad, groove, or other test weld to ensure that the weld deposit being sampled will be substantially free of base metal dilution.
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WB-2432.1 1998 SECTION III — DIVISION 3 WB-2433.
TABLE WB-2432.2(a)- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR REACTOR VESSEL WELDING MATERIAL
Carbon and low alloy C, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mn, Si, P, S, V, Cu materials Chromium and Cr–Ni C, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mn, Si, P, S, V, stainless material Cb + Ta, Ti, Cu
TABLE WB-2432.2(a)- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR WELDING MATERIAL FOR OTHER THAN REACTOR VESSEL WELDS
Chromium–Nickel C, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mn, stainless steels Si, Cb + Ta
shall be removed from the weld metal of the mechanical properties test coupon. Where a chemical analysis is required for a welding material which does not have a mechanical properties test requirement, a chemical analysis test coupon shall be prepared as required by WB-2431.1(c), except that heat treatment of the coupon is not required and the weld coupon thickness require- ments of WB-2431.1(c) do not apply. (d) The alternative method provided in (b) above for the preparation of samples for chemical analysis of welding material to be used for corrosion resistant overlay cladding shall require a test weld made in accordance with the essential variables of the Welding Procedure Specification that will be followed when the welding material is consumed. The test weld shall be made in conformance with the requirements of Section IX, QW-214.1. The removal of chemical analysis sam- ples shall conform with QW-453 for the minimum thickness for which the welding procedure specification is qualified. WB-2432.2 Requirements for Chemical Analysis. The chemical elements to be determined, the composi- tion requirements of the weld metal, and the recording of results of the chemical analysis shall be in accordance with (a) through (c) below. (a)(1) All welding material to be used in the reactor vessel shall be analyzed for the elements listed in Table WB-2432.2(a)-1. (2) All welding material of ferrous alloys A-No. 8 and A-No. 9 (Section IX, QW-442) to be used in other components shall be analyzed for the elements listed in Table WB-2432.2(a)-2 and for any other
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elements specified in the welding material specification referenced by the WPS or in the WPS. (3) All other welding material shall be analyzed for the elements specified in either the welding material specification referenced by the WPS or in the WPS. (b) The chemical composition of the weld metal or filler metal shall conform to the welding material specification for elements having specified percentage composition limits. Where the Welding Procedure Speci- fication contains a modification of the composition limits of SFA or other referenced welding material specifications, or provides limits for additional elements, these composition limits of the welding procedure speci- fication shall apply for acceptability. (c) The results of the chemical analysis shall be reported. Elements listed in Table WB-2432.2(a)-1 or Table WB-2432.2(a)-2 but not specified in the welding material specification or WPS shall be reported for information only.
WB-2433 Delta Ferrite Determination A determination of delta ferrite shall be performed on A-No. 8 weld material (Section IX, QW-442) backing filler metal (consumable inserts); bare electrode, rod, or wire filler metal; or weld metal, except that delta ferrite determinations are not required for SFA-5.9 and SFA-5.4, Type 16-8-2, or A-No. 8 weld filler metal to be used for weld metal cladding.
WB-2433.1 Method. Delta ferrite determinations of welding material, including consumable insert material, shall be made using a magnetic measuring instrument and weld deposits made in accordance with (b) below. Alternatively, the delta ferrite determinations for weld- ing materials may be performed by the use of chemical analysis of WB-2432 in conjunction with Fig. WB- 2433.1-1. (a) Calibration of magnetic instruments shall conform to AWS-A4.2-91. (b) The weld deposit for magnetic delta ferrite deter- mination shall be made in accordance with WB- 2432.1(c). (c) A minimum of six ferrite readings shall be taken on the surface of the weld deposit. The readings obtained shall be averaged to a single Ferrite Number (FN).
WB-2433.2 Acceptance Standards. The minimum acceptable delta ferrite shall be 5FN. The results of the delta ferrite determination shall be included in the Certified Material Test Report of WB-2130 or WB-4120.
