Materials Selection - Engineering Design and Analysis - Lecture Slides, Slides of Engineering Drawing and Graphics

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Engineering 11

Materials

Selection

Materials Selection at Config

Formulation

Customer Needs

Customer requirements Importance weights Eng. characteristics House of Quality Eng. Design Spec’s

Concept Design

Abstract embodiment Physical principles Material

Geometry Configuration

Design

Matls & Manuf  Closely Linked

Material

Properties

Manufacturing

Processes

COMPATIBLE

materials & processes

 e.g.; Ceramics can

NOT be WELDED

Matls & Manuf  Closely Linked

 e.g.; CAST Parts

can NOT have

SHARP Corners

Manufacturing

Processes

Product

Geometry

CAPABLE Processes

for the geometry

Properties of Solid Materials

• Mechanical: Characteristics of materials

displayed when Forces or Moments are

applied to them.

• Physical: Characteristics of materials that

relate to the interaction of materials with

various forms of energy.

• Chemical: Material characteristics that relate

to the Material’s electron structure.

• Dimensional: Size, shape, and finish

Material Properties

Chemical Physical Mechanical Dimensional

Composition Melting Point Tensile properties Standard Shapes

Microstructure Thermal Toughness Standard Sizes

Phases Magnetic Ductility Surface Texture

Grain Size Electrical Fatigue Stability

Corrosion Optical Hardness Mfg. Tolerances

Crystallinity Acoustic Creep

Molecular Weight Gravimetric Compression

Flammability

 One More ≡ $COST, $COST, $COST

Solid-Materials Taxonomy

Metals

Materials

Ferrous Sub-family

Family

Classes

Cast iron Carbon steel Alloy steel Stainless steel

Metals Family Tree

Ferrous (Mostly Iron) Non-ferrous

Metals

aluminum brass bronze copper lead magnesium nickel tin titanium tungsten zinc

cast iron carbon steel alloy steel stainless steel

Ceramics & Composites Trees

Ceramics

alumina

beryllia

diamond

magnesia

Silicates

Silica

carbide

Nitride

Oxide

zirconia

carbon fiber

ceramic matrix

glass fiber

Kevlar fiber

metal matrix

polymer matrix

Composites

Material Family Comparison

Materials Selection

• The designer of any product, other than

software, must be part of the material

selection process.

• Only occasionally will the exact grade of

material be specified by the customer.

• Even then the designer must UNDERSTAND the material to be able to design the product.

Decisions, Decisions!

• So many materials, so much information.
  • How do we decide?
  • How do we even begin to choose?
    • Metals are the DEFAULT as they have the widest variety

of Manufacturing Processes

• First we need to look at the function of the

product

• Use PRODUCT ANALYSIS

Case Study  BiCycle

• What is the function of a bike – obvious?
• How does the function depend on the type of

bike?

• Racing
• Touring
• Mountain
• Commuter
• Child’s

Case Study  BiCycle (2)

• How is it made to be easily maintained?
• What should it look like (colors etc.)?
• What should it cost?
  • Child’s Bike VS. Professional Racing Bike
• How has it been made comfortable to ride?
• How do the mechanical parts work and

interact?