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Math 110 Exam #2
To find horizontal asymptotes - correct answer take the limit
as x approaches -∞ and ∞ (to do this look at dominant powers on top and bottom
and remember rules)
Horizontal asymptote rule : If the powers are the same - correct answer
divide the coefficients
Horizontal asymptote rule : If the power on the bottom is bigger - correct answer
the H.A. is y=0
Horizontal asymptote rule : If the power on top is bigger - correct answer
the H.A. = DNE (there is no H.A.)
To find Vertical Asymptotes - correct answer 1.) Simplify the
function to cross out common factors
2.) After you simplify, set the denominator = 0 and solve
From the First Derivative, f'(x) - correct answer • Critical
Numbers
• Increasing / Decreasing
• Relative Extrema ( Relative Max / Relative Min )
Critical Numbers must satisfy what 2 criteria? - correct answer
• f'(x) = 0 or f'(x) is undefined
In other words, set top and bottom of derivative equal to 0
• Critical Numbers must be in the domain of f(x)
To find Increasing / Decreasing - correct answer Make a first
derivative number line
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Math 110 Exam

To find horizontal asymptotes - correct answer take the limit as x approaches -∞ and ∞ (to do this look at dominant powers on top and bottom and remember rules) Horizontal asymptote rule : If the powers are the same - correct answer divide the coefficients Horizontal asymptote rule : If the power on the bottom is bigger - correct answer the H.A. is y= Horizontal asymptote rule : If the power on top is bigger - correct answer the H.A. = DNE (there is no H.A.) To find Vertical Asymptotes - correct answer 1.) Simplify the function to cross out common factors 2.) After you simplify, set the denominator = 0 and solve From the First Derivative, f'(x) - correct answer • Critical Numbers

  • Increasing / Decreasing
  • Relative Extrema ( Relative Max / Relative Min ) Critical Numbers must satisfy what 2 criteria? - correct answer
  • f'(x) = 0 or f'(x) is undefined ↳In other words, set top and bottom of derivative equal to 0
  • Critical Numbers must be in the domain of f(x) To find Increasing / Decreasing - correct answer Make a first derivative number line

On first derivative number line : Wherever f'(x) is positive - correct answer f(x) is increasing ↗ On first derivative number line : Wherever f'(x) is negative - correct answer f(x) is decreasing ↘ To find Relative Extrema - correct answer Make a first derivative number line On first derivative number line : Relative Maximum - correct answer Where f(x) changes from increasing to decreasing ↗↘ On first derivative number line : Relative Minimum - correct answer Where f(x) changes from decreasing to increasing ↘↗ (first derivative) Relative extrema can only occur - correct answer at critical numbers From the Second Derivative, f''(x) - correct answer • Inflection Points

  • Concave Up & Concave Down
  • The Point of Diminishing Returns Inflection Points must satisfy what 3 criteria? - correct answer
  • f''(x) = 0 or f''(x) is undefined
  • The concavity must change at that point
  • Inflection Points must be in the domain of f(x) To find Concave Up & Concave Down - correct answer Make a second derivative number line On second derivative number line : Wherever f''(x) is positive - correct answer f(x) is Concave Up

Optimization : To maximize or minimize anything - correct answer Take the Derivative and set it equal to 0 Optimization : Problems are generally - correct answer Word problems limited to business applications or simple geometric applications Steps to Solve an Optimization Problem - correct answer 1.) Ask yourself "Overall, what am I trying to maximize or minimize?" 2.) Find an expression for that quantity ↳This is called your primary equation 3.) If applicable, use the constraints given to write your primary equation as a function of one variable 4.) Take the derivative and set it equal to 0 The Second Derivative Test : Suppose that f'(c) = 0 and that f''(x) is continuous at that point. Then... - correct answer • If f''(c) > 0, there is a relative minimum at c

  • If f''(c) < 0, there is a relative maximum at c
  • If f''(c) = 0, the second derivative is inconclusive Exponential Functions - correct answer A function with a number raised to a variable Rules of Exponentials : - correct answer • x²x³=x^
  • x^8/x² = x^
  • (x²)³ = x^
  • x^-3 = 1/x³ Properties of Exponentials : - correct answer • Exponential Functions go through the point (0,1)
  • Exponential Functions have a horizontal asymptote at y = 0
  • Domain : The domain of all Exponential Functions is (-∞,∞)
  • lim e^x = ∞

x→∞

  • lim e^x = 0 x→-∞ Logarithms - correct answer A logarithm solves for the exponent Example: log(base 2) (8) = 3 ; 2^x = 3 Rules of Logarithms : - correct answer • ln(ab) = ln a + ln b
  • ln(a/b) = ln a - ln b
  • ln(a^x) = x ln a
  • ln e = 1
  • ln 1 = 0
  • log (base b) b = 1 Properties of Logarithms : - correct answer • All logs go through point (1,0)
  • All logs have a vertical asymptote at x = 0
  • Domain : Whatever is inside the log must be POSITIVE!
  • lim ln(x) = ∞ x→∞
  • lim ln(x) = -∞ x→0+ Compound Interest Formula when compounded periodically - To Find The Accumulated Amount At The End Of t Years : - correct answer A = P ( 1 + r/m )^ mt Compound Interest Formula when compounded periodically - To Find The Present Value Of An Investment : - correct answer P = A ( 1 + r/m )^-mt
  • d/dx (e^f(x)) = e^f(x) * (f'(x)) Derivatives Of Logarithms - correct answer • d/dx (ln x) = 1/x
  • d/dx (ln(f(x))) = 1/f(x) * f'(x) -remember properties of logarithms; sometimes easier to use rules of logs to simplify before taking derivative- Logarithmic Differentiation - correct answer A Process, Using The Logs Of Logarithms, That Allows You To Take The Derivative Of Functions That Would Otherwise Be Too Difficult/Impossible To Differentiate What 2 cases cause you to use logarithmic differentiation? - correct answer
  • A Really Complicated Function
  • A Function Raised To A Function Steps To Logarithmic Differentiation - correct answer 1.) Take the ln of both sides 2.) Simplify using rules of logs 3.) Take the derivative of both sides ↳You will likely need to use the product rule on the right side 4.) Multiply both sides by y to solve for dy/dx 5.) Plug in for y Logistical Growth Model & Carrying Capacity Formula - correct answer s(t) = A/1 + Be^-kt Denominator of Logistical Growth Model & Carrying Capacity Must Contain... - correct answer "1 + something" ; If it doesn't, then you must factor and simplify before using any of the formulas Carrying Capacity - correct answer Represented by A

Logistical Growth Model & Carrying Capacity - Point of Diminishing Returns (Inflection Point) - correct answer The coordinates of the point of diminishing returns are given by : (ln(B)/k , A/2) Logistical Growth Model Exhibits - correct answer Exponential Growth until it reaches half the carrying capacity ↳then it exhibits limited growth Logistical Growth Model & Carrying Capacity - Initial Supply - correct answer Level can be found by evaluating s(0) ↳Recall that e^0 = 1