Math and Science Reviewer, Exercises of Engineering Science and Technology

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Table of Contents

• PRO HOW TO ANSWER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS LIKE A
• LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
• SCIENCE
• MATHEMATICS
• READING COMPREHENSION
• LANGUAGE ANSWER KEY
• SCIENCE ANSWER KEY
• MATHEMATICS ANSWER KEY
• READING ANSWER KEY

Remember, the goal of test makers is to gauge your analytical skills in all subtests. When answering language proficiency exams, for instance, the following traps may lead you to the path of failure if you're not careful:

a. Violation of the rule of "parallel structures."

Example: "Play, eat, and sleeping--these are what my pet dog usually does all day."

Explanation: Parallel structures are used to ensure clarity of statements. According to this principle, words and phrases in a sentence should be consistent in terms of structure and tense.

The example sentence above violates the rule of parallel structures. The first two verbs--play and eat--are in present tense, while the last one--sleeping--is a verb that acts as a noun, otherwise known as a gerund.

To correct the sentence, the gerund should be replaced with a verb form consistent with the other two words, hence:

" Play, eat, and sleep --these are what my pet dog usually does all day."

b. Insertion of distracting phrase or clause that clouds subject- verb agreement.

Example: "Many politicians, in their desire to win an election, makes grandiose promises to voters."

Explanation: Always focus on two things: the subject and the verb. Everything else is secondary. In the above example, the subject is "politicians" which is in plural form so the verb must also be plural.

Hence, the correct answer should be "make" instead of "makes."

c. Use of inverted sentence structure.

Example: "In the middle of the forest stands the giant trees considered oldest in the region."

Explanation: Inverted sentences have verbs that come before the subjects instead of the other way around. It's easy to assume there's nothing wrong with this sentence if you don't look closely.

In the sentence above, for example, the verb "stands" describe the subject "trees," not the "forest." Therefore, it should be rewritten as:

"In the middle of the forest stand the giant trees considered oldest in the region."

d. Misplaced modifiers.

Example: "Eagerly awaiting her birthday, Mary's presents were all picked up and admired by Mary many times throughout the course of the day."

Explanation: Modifiers are words that add details or change the meaning of another word. To avoid confusion, the modifiers should be placed close to the subject being described.

Misplaced modifiers can be really confusing since you're dealing with several words at the same time. The example above makes it seem as though Mary's presents, not Mary herself, are "eagerly awaiting her birthday."

For example, the sentences below seem identical:

"It often rains in Batanes."

"It always rains in Batanes."

A closer look reveals that both sentences may look similar but they differ in meanings due to the type of qualifier used. Whereas the first sentence is correct, the second one is false because of the use of the word "always."

In multiple choice exams, options that use absolute qualifiers are mostly wrong while those with conditional qualifiers like "often," "seldom," and "probably" tend to be the correct answers.

Draw diagrams and pictures to solve tricky Math

problems.

Although some math problems can easily be solved with mental calculations, there are complex questions that warrant more visualization.

By converting word problems into diagrams or pictures, you can make them less intimidating and easier to solve.

Example: "The town of Marabut is located along Marikina Highway. The town of Caranglan is west of Marabut. Sarangani is east of Caranglan, but west of Marabut. Daraga is east of Rajamon, but west of Sarangani and Caranglan. Which town is the farthest west?"

To solve this problem, draw a line and put the first two places in their respective locations as described in the statement: "The town of Caranglan is west of Marabut."

Next, place the other towns in their correct order as indicated in the word problem.

Based on the diagram we've created, we can easily see that the town farthest west is Rajamon.

Look for grammatical clues.

Multiple choice questions can be asked in different ways but regardless of the format, they all follow basic grammar rules.

In some language proficiency exams, the answer can be the one that makes the most sense grammatically. For example, in a question that ends with the indefinite article "an," the answer is most likely the one that starts with a vowel.

The following question is another good example:

The people of Iceland a. A country located just outside the Arctic Circle b. Are the world’s most avid readers c. Claim to be descendants of the Aztecs d. The capital, Reykjavik, where arms talks have been held

Based on grammar rules, we can eliminate choices (a) and (d). You can now choose between options (b) and (c) since they're the only ones that don't interrupt the flow of the sentence and follow the basic subject-verb agreement.

Grammatical clues can also be used to answer questions that test your ability to organize phrases or sentences.

Example:

a. Secondly, they had no leader. b. Firstly, the workers were not united. c. Finally, they did not have the support of their families. d. Thirdly, they had no funds to tide them over. e. From the beginning, it looked like the worker's strike was doomed to fail.

Answer choices:

1. abdec
2. cbead
3. deabc
4. ebadc

Relying on the keywords at the start of each sentence, we can organize them into a sequence that makes sense: "From the beginning," followed by "Firstly," "Secondly," and so forth. The correct sequence, therefore, is "ebadc."

Ignore conventional advice.

You've probably been told that when in doubt, always choose "c."

However, the probability of getting the question right if you choose this letter is similar to your chances of winning the lottery.

Don't look for patterns in places that have none, especially in multiple-choice exams where answers are arranged in random order.

Therefore, if you notice that you've chosen the same letter for three consecutive questions, don't be alarmed. The pattern must be coincidental so never let it interrupt you from answering the rest of the exam.

Be systematic when faced with confusing

questions/choices.

The goal of the test maker is not to make your life easier. But no matter how long and confusing the questions and their corresponding choices may be, you can arrive at the right answer by taking it one step at a time.

won't be distracted by the other choices by the time you uncover them.  Write down as many formulas as you can remember on the scratch paper provided as soon as the exam starts. You can either do this at the beginning (at the risk of losing a few minutes) or after finishing the first part of the exam, provided that it doesn't require computations like Language Proficiency.  If you have remaining time left, go over your test paper for the very last time to change answers for questions that you've either misread or just finally realized the answers to. Also, check for errors like stray pencil marks, question- answer mismatch, and shading two answers for the same question.

Language Proficiency

Directions: This subtest will measure your fluency in English and Filipino. Read the sentence/question/passage first before selecting the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. May I please request that each of the two groups take an position in the issue now. A. alternating B. alternative C. alternate D. all of the above
2. mountains aplenty in the Philippines. A. There is B. There are C. There were D. There was
3. The student badly needs her teacher's A. advice B. advise C. advising D. advisory

9. Lolita is going to Switzerland ___________ May next year. Particularly, she would be leaving ___________ eight o’clock a.m _________ New Year’s Day. A. in – on – on B. at – on – at C. in – at – in D. in – at – on
10. Choose the correct and effective sentence from the set of sentences. A. Father jogs exuberantly to the park every morning before breakfast to exercise his heart. B. Father exuberantly jogs every morning to the park to exercise his heart before breakfast. C. Father, to exercise his heart, jogs exuberantly every morning before breakfast to the park. D. Father jogs exuberantly every morning before breakfast to the park to exercise his heart.
11. She ______________ finished the project before tomorrow. A. None of the above B. would have C. will have D. should have

Questions 12 – 14: Read the group of words provided. There may be a mistake in the sentence structure. If you find a mistake, choose the answer that is written most clearly and correctly. If there is no mistake, choose Correct as is.

12. Veronica left the room, turned right, and, without any hesitation, walked outside.

A. Leaving the room, turning right, Veronica walking outside without any hesitation. B. Veronica left the room and she turned right and walked outside without any hesitation. C. Veronica left the room turned right and walked outside without any hesitation. D. Correct as is

13. There are extra chairs in that room that are not needed or necessary. A. There are extra chairs in that room. B. There are extra and unnecessary chairs in that room. C. The extra chairs in that room are not needed or necessary. D. Correct as is
14. Some tortoises living up to 100 years are among the world’s oldest animals. A. The world’s oldest animals, some living up to 100 years are some tortoises. B. Some tortoises, among the world’s oldest animals, are living up to 100 years. C. Living up to 100 years, some tortoises are among the world’s oldest animals. D. Correct as is For question numbers 15 – 21: Determine which of the following synonyms on the given choices best corresponds to how the underlined word/s were used on each sentence.
15. Leo made a disappointed, misunderstood face from the many creases at his disposal. A. authority B. distribution C. garbage unit D. regulation

21. The dead load consists of the weight of the structure completed. A. empty B. inert C. constant D. lifeless
22. The cold air mass will move south from Canada. In which sentence does the word mass mean the same thing as in the sentence above? A. The storm warning of a blizzard caused mass concern. B. The oil mass spread quickly into the ocean. C. There was a mass of people gathering to watch the parade. D. The 100-member choir will mass in the auditorium on Saturday.

Questions 23 – 27: Choose the correct sequence of sentences that will make the paragraph more organized and logical.

(1) This mere mechanism of reading becomes altogether automatic at an early period of life. (2) You will often find yourself reading words or characters automatically, while your mind is concerned with a totally different subject. (3) This can be performed irrespective of attention. (4) In as much, neither can I call it reading when it is just to extract the narrative portion of a text from the rest simply for one’s personal amusement. (5) To read the characters or the letters of the text does not mean reading in the true sense of the word.

A. 5-2-1-3- B. 3-5-1-2- C. 2-1-3-4-

D. 5-3-2-1-

(1) Most of this material which we call ash, stays behind after the fire burns out. (2) When we burn fuel such as wood, oil or coal, the fuel combines with oxygen in the air to form gases that escape into the atmosphere. (3) Some of it, however, is carried aloft by the hot gases of the fire and adds to the volume of smoke produced. (4) In addition, most of the fuels contain a small amount of various substances that do not burn. (5) But most of the burning we do is far from perfect, so tiny particles of unburned fuel escape up the chimney in the form of smoke.

A. 2-5-3-4- B. 2-3-5-1- C. 2-3-5-4- D. 2-5-4-1-

(1) In the Philippines, the population boom has derailed efforts to make the benefits of economic growth trickle down to the grassroots. Thousands of new people are born on our planet every day. (2) With the population galloping toward the 100-million mark, the Philippines will be among one of several developing nations leading global population growth in the coming years, according to the United Nations. (3) With limited resources and economic growth failing to keep pace with the population boom, this means more people getting an ever-shrinking share of the pie.