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Statistics
Definitions
Term Definition
Primary source first-hand info from the original source.
Secondary source a summary put together by someone else
Census a survey including the whole population
Sample some of the population are surveyed, not the whole population
Data Info collected from a survey, can be^ numerical^ or^ categorical. However,
this information does not account for people lying or inaccurate information.
Numerical
information
Can be discrete (essentially ‘jumping’ numbers, e.g. shoe sizes, rainfall, number of cars, etc.) or continuous (goes through every possible number, including decimals. e.g. trees growing, person growing, temperature, etc)
Categorical
information
Data that is not numerical. It is similar to classification, e.g. colour of cars, eye colour, suburbs, gender, etc.
A Frequency Distribution Table is used to collect (and simplify the results of) the data
from a survey.
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean: calculated by adding all the values together then dividing by the number of values.
Median: the middle number in the set of values. For the median, write the numbers in ascending
order and find the middle number.
Mode: the value that occurs the most.
Range: the highest value minus the lowest value.
Volume
Conversions
1mm = 0.1cm 1cm = 10mm 1m = 100cm 1km = 1,000m
1mm² = 0.01cm² 1cm² = 100mm² 1cm² = 0.0001m² 1m² = 10,000cm² 1m² = 0.000001km² 1km² = 1,000,000m² (1 million m²) 1ha = 10,000m²
1mm³ = 0.001cm³ 1cm³ = 1,000mm³ 1cm³ = 0.000001m³ 1m³ = 1,000,000,000mm³ (1 billion mm³) 1m³ = 1,000,000 cm³ (1 million cm³) 1m³ = 0.000000001km³ 1km³ = 1,000,000,000m³ (1 billion m³)
Volume = (½ x height x base) x length
Cylinder (Circular Prism)
Volume = radius² x height
Irregular Prism
Volume = cross-section x depth (or width/length)
Trapezoidal Prism
Volume = ½ x (d+b) x h x l
Surface Area of a Prism
The surface area of a prism is equal to the area of its 2D net.
For this rectangular prism, the surface area is equal to the area of its six individual sides.
4 x 3 x 2 = 24 3 x 5 x 2 = 30 4 x 5 x 2 = 40 24 + 30 + 40 = 94cm²
For triangular prisms, find the height of the triangle, then find the area of the triangle. Multiply the area of the triangle by 2, as there are two triangles, then find the area of the bottom rectangle. Once you have found the area of the bottom rectangle, find the area of one of the rectangles on the slant of the triangle and multiply it by 2, as there are two such triangles. Finally, add all of it up.
