Maxwell’s Equations (1865)
1. Electric fields result from electric charges
(Coulomb’s Law)
2. Magnetic fields are continuous (no magnetic
charges or monopoles)
3. Changing magnetic field produces an electric
field (Faraday’s Law of Induction)
4. Magnetic field is produced by an electric current
(Oersted, Ampere), or by a changing electric
field (Maxwell’s hypothesis)
Electromagnetic Waves (EM Wave)
1. No medium required for EM waves
2. Transverse waves that consist of oscillating
electric and magnetic fields, which are
perpendicular to each other and to the direction
of propagation
3. Electric and magnetic fields are in phase
Light is an electromagnetic wave with velocity c,
where s/mx.c
oo
8
10003
1
(free space value)
BcE
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