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Question 1. Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body? A) Left ventricle B) Right atrium C) Left atrium D) Right ventricle Answer: B Explanation: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava. Question 2. Which bone is part of the axial skeleton? A) Femur B) Scapula C) Sternum D) Clavicle Answer: C Explanation: The sternum is located in the center of the chest and is part of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. Question 3. The diaphragm is primarily responsible for which function? A) Pumping blood B) Digestion C) Respiration D) Filtration of blood Answer: C Explanation: The diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration, allowing expansion and contraction of the lungs. Question 4. Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerve endings? A) Epidermis B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis D) Stratum corneum Answer: B Explanation: The dermis houses blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. Question 5. The pancreas has a primary role in: A) Producing bile B) Regulating blood glucose C) Filtering toxins D) Storing urine Answer: B Explanation: The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. Question 6. Which gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system? A) Thyroid B) Pituitary C) Adrenal D) Pineal Answer: B Explanation: The pituitary gland releases hormones that control many other endocrine glands. Question 7. Which artery is the largest in the body? A) Femoral artery B) Aorta C) Carotid artery D) Pulmonary artery Answer: B Explanation: The aorta is the main and largest artery, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
C) Zygomatic D) Temporal Answer: B Explanation: The mandible is the bone of the lower jaw. Question 12. The rotator cuff muscles stabilize which joint? A) Knee B) Shoulder C) Hip D) Ankle Answer: B Explanation: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. Question 13. The central nervous system consists of the: A) Brain and spinal cord B) Nerves and ganglia C) Sensory organs D) Autonomic nervous system Answer: A Explanation: The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. Question 14. Which organ is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine? A) Liver B) Spleen C) Kidney D) Pancreas Answer: C Explanation: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste and produce urine.
Question 15. Which muscle is the primary flexor of the elbow? A) Triceps brachii B) Biceps brachii C) Deltoid D) Brachioradialis Answer: B Explanation: The biceps brachii is the main muscle responsible for flexing the elbow. Question 16. The function of alveoli in the lungs is: A) Filtering inhaled air B) Gas exchange C) Regulating blood pH D) Producing mucus Answer: B Explanation: Alveoli are tiny sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between air and blood. Question 17. Which gland secretes melatonin? A) Pineal B) Thyroid C) Adrenal D) Pituitary Answer: A Explanation: The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles. Question 18. The femoral triangle is an area of caution because it contains: A) The sciatic nerve B) The femoral artery, vein, and nerve C) The carotid artery
Question 22. The primary role of red blood cells is to: A) Defend against infection B) Clot blood C) Carry oxygen D) Remove waste Answer: C Explanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. Question 23. The function of the large intestine is to: A) Absorb nutrients B) Synthesize hormones C) Absorb water and form feces D) Filter blood Answer: C Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water from indigestible food residue and forms solid waste. Question 24. Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint? A) Shoulder B) Hip C) Knee D) Thumb (carpometacarpal) Answer: C Explanation: The knee is a hinge joint, allowing movement primarily in one plane. Question 25. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla? A) Insulin B) Epinephrine C) Thyroxine
D) Estrogen Answer: B Explanation: The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine (adrenaline), which is involved in the fight-or- flight response. Question 26. The spleen is involved in which bodily function? A) Producing insulin B) Filtering blood C) Producing bile D) Absorbing nutrients Answer: B Explanation: The spleen filters blood, recycles old red blood cells, and supports immune function. Question 27. What is the main role of synovial fluid in joints? A) Provide nutrients to muscles B) Connect bones C) Lubricate joint surfaces D) Transmit nerve impulses Answer: C Explanation: Synovial fluid lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage in synovial joints. Question 28. The tibia is located in the: A) Arm B) Leg C) Skull D) Chest Answer: B Explanation: The tibia is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg.
D) Knee flexion Answer: B Explanation: The pectoralis major muscle adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint. Question 33. Which cells are the primary defenders in the immune response? A) Erythrocytes B) Neurons C) Leukocytes D) Osteocytes Answer: C Explanation: Leukocytes (white blood cells) are involved in fighting infections. Question 34. The process of breaking down food into absorbable units is called: A) Filtration B) Digestion C) Respiration D) Reproduction Answer: B Explanation: Digestion is the breakdown of food into nutrients that can be absorbed. Question 35. Which structure is NOT part of the urinary system? A) Ureter B) Bladder C) Spleen D) Urethra Answer: C Explanation: The spleen is part of the lymphatic system, not the urinary system.
Question 36. Which bone articulates with the humerus at the elbow? A) Femur B) Ulna C) Tibia D) Scapula Answer: B Explanation: The ulna forms the hinge joint of the elbow with the humerus. Question 37. Which structure is considered an endangerment site due to the presence of the carotid artery? A) Axilla B) Anterior neck C) Popliteal fossa D) Inguinal area Answer: B Explanation: The anterior neck contains the carotid artery and is an endangerment site during massage. Question 38. The hormone insulin is secreted by which part of the pancreas? A) Acinar cells B) Islets of Langerhans C) Duct cells D) Hepatocytes Answer: B Explanation: The islets of Langerhans contain beta cells that produce insulin. Question 39. Which nerve supplies the diaphragm? A) Phrenic nerve B) Vagus nerve C) Sciatic nerve
A) Cerebrum B) Brainstem C) Cerebellum D) Hypothalamus Answer: C Explanation: The cerebellum controls balance and coordinates voluntary movements. Question 44. The function of the glomerulus in the kidney is to: A) Store urine B) Filter blood C) Secrete hormones D) Absorb nutrients Answer: B Explanation: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood in the nephron. Question 45. The sciatic nerve is a major nerve of which region? A) Arm B) Neck C) Lower limb D) Thorax Answer: C Explanation: The sciatic nerve runs from the lower back down the back of each leg. Question 46. Which of the following is a ball-and-socket joint? A) Elbow B) Knee C) Shoulder D) Ankle Answer: C
Explanation: The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing multidirectional movement. Question 47. The hypodermis primarily consists of: A) Muscle tissue B) Adipose tissue C) Dense connective tissue D) Cartilage Answer: B Explanation: The hypodermis is the subcutaneous layer made mostly of fat (adipose tissue). Question 48. Which structure prevents backflow of blood in veins? A) Valves B) Arterioles C) Capillaries D) Sphincters Answer: A Explanation: Valves in veins prevent blood from flowing backward. Question 49. Which muscle is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot? A) Tibialis anterior B) Gastrocnemius C) Sartorius D) Peroneus longus Answer: B Explanation: The gastrocnemius muscle helps point the toes downward (plantar flexion). Question 50. Which organ produces most of the digestive enzymes? A) Stomach B) Pancreas
Question 54. The main action of the quadriceps femoris group is: A) Hip extension B) Knee flexion C) Knee extension D) Ankle dorsiflexion Answer: C Explanation: The quadriceps femoris group extends the knee. Question 55. What type of tissue is blood classified as? A) Epithelial B) Muscle C) Connective D) Nervous Answer: C Explanation: Blood is a specialized connective tissue. Question 56. The vagus nerve is important because it: A) Controls facial expressions B) Supplies parasympathetic fibers to many organs C) Controls eye movements D) Regulates blood pressure Answer: B Explanation: The vagus nerve is the main nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system, influencing many internal organs. Question 57. Which structure is a cartilaginous joint? A) Pubic symphysis B) Shoulder C) Knee
D) Elbow Answer: A Explanation: The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint connecting the two pubic bones. Question 58. The function of keratin in the skin is to: A) Provide elasticity B) Store fat C) Resist abrasion and water loss D) Produce sweat Answer: C Explanation: Keratin is a protein that strengthens skin and reduces water loss. Question 59. The main function of the thymus is: A) Filtering blood B) Maturation of T cells C) Storing bile D) Producing insulin Answer: B Explanation: The thymus is where T lymphocytes (T cells) mature, essential for immune function. Question 60. Where are the adrenal glands located? A) On top of the kidneys B) In the neck C) Beneath the liver D) Behind the stomach Answer: A Explanation: The adrenal glands sit on top of each kidney. Question 61. The basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber is the:
Explanation: The urinary system removes metabolic waste from the blood. Question 65. Which cranial nerve controls the sense of smell? A) Optic (II) B) Trigeminal (V) C) Olfactory (I) D) Facial (VII) Answer: C Explanation: The olfactory nerve (I) transmits smell information from the nose to the brain. Question 66. The main function of the lymphatic system is: A) Movement B) Gas exchange C) Immune defense and fluid balance D) Hormone secretion Answer: C Explanation: The lymphatic system defends against disease and maintains fluid balance. Question 67. The fibula is located: A) Medial to the tibia B) Lateral to the tibia C) Above the femur D) In the forearm Answer: B Explanation: The fibula is the lateral bone of the lower leg. Question 68. The main action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is: A) Elbow flexion B) Neck rotation and flexion
C) Shoulder abduction D) Jaw movement Answer: B Explanation: The sternocleidomastoid rotates and flexes the neck. Question 69. Which of the following is a sensory receptor for deep pressure? A) Merkel disk B) Meissner's corpuscle C) Pacinian corpuscle D) Free nerve ending Answer: C Explanation: Pacinian corpuscles detect deep pressure and vibration. Question 70. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A) Pulmonary artery B) Pulmonary vein C) Aorta D) Superior vena cava Answer: B Explanation: The pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. Question 71. The primary function of the myelin sheath is to: A) Store neurotransmitters B) Insulate and increase nerve impulse speed C) Connect neurons to muscles D) Filter blood Answer: B Explanation: Myelin sheath insulates axons and speeds up electrical transmission.
