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12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
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3
2
1
a
magnitude
Scalars:
mass, temperature,
speed, work,
energy, charge,
time,
density
&
magnitude
& direction
vectors:
velocity,
acceleration, force, momentum, impulse, torque, displacement,
weight,
electric
and
magnetic
field
vector
components
(with
respect
to
x-axis
x-component
fSinQ
r
↑ 1
F
cresultant)
If
sin
o
y-component
y-component
cost
o
<
>
flip
if
w/
④
7
FCOSO
respect
to
->
x-component
&
y-axis ↓
Newton's
LawS
1st
object
stays
in
motion
unless acted
upon
by
an
outside
force
inertia
:
ability
of
an
object
to
resist
change
toits
velocity
-Nek
..N
=
m
2nd
F
mass
constant
force
causes a
constant non
changing
acceleration
3rd
for
every
force
there
is an
equal
and
opposite
reaction
Inclined planes
normal
:Friction
Ex
=
m.g.sinO
Fy
=
m.g.COS
O
I
firstresolve
gravity
intoits
y
vector
components
gravity(
fx>
·
Fy(gravity,
↑E
=
a a
=gravity
Tension forces
XXXXXXX
(T)
a normal force
if
suspended
in a
rope,
string,
or cable Tension
of
mass(m)
pulls
equally
on
both sides if horizontal
and no netforce
acceleration
Weight
one
unstretched
if
vertical
then
determined
by
the
weight
attached
spring
springs
E
........
in
~
F
=
kX
Hooke's
Law:
F
=
kΔX
F
Elastic
potential
energy
stored
as
a result
of deformation ofan elastic
object
itsseal
to
unstretched
the
work
done todeform
the
spring
Desiring
ozo
&work &
spring
constant
W
=
ΔPt
=
+kyz
I
RERA
2 x distance
change
in
Elastic potentialenergy
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
of
suspension
a
point
Pendulums
lenging).
Fe
ampling
ene
Of
max
=
max
height.:
PEmin= 0
height
masnO
&
equilibrium
position
mglos
One
cycle
from
all the
way
one
side
all the
way
back
ar
Simple
Harmonic motion
a
sinegraph
7
Dr,
anything
that can
oscillate
back
forth
period: one
full
cycle;
frequency
of
periods
in a
given
time;
amplitude:
max
displacement
from
resting
position
T
=
F
T
=
mass
on a
spring
T
=
2 π/
pendulum
frequency
Density
&
specific gravity
emass
(kg)
3
D=
evaumesmere.
Water
density
1000
a
m
density
(19)
specific gravity
ratio
describing
how
dense
something
is
comparing
towater
Specific
Gravity
=
density
of the
object
object
density
ofwater
PH2O
Archimedes' Principle
any
object
displaces
an amount
of fluid
exactly
equal
toits own
volume
(if
fully
submerged
or
to
the
volume
of
whatever fraction
of
the
object
is
submerged
(if
floating
equal
tothe
weight
of
Weight
of
displaced
fluid:
Buoyant
force
fluid
that
the
fmet
=
0 =
fg
FG
the
Body
displaced
kids
as
4 W
Apparent
Weight
=
Actual
Weight
↓
ab
manipulating
Equations
boyant
force
in
copies rea
↑distance
X
=
a
g
=
&
avelocity
righ
stime
in
is
Tair=IVg
for
round
trips
↓
gravity
Air
Resistance
&
force exerted
on
projectiles
or
falling
bodies
air resistance
&
less aerodynomic
air
resistance
affect
magnitude
of
air resistance:
cross sectional
area,
shape,
velocity
3
greater
cross sectional area
increased
Always
assume air resistance is
being
ignored
unless
=
more air
resistance
velocity
=
more
ai
resistance
they
tell
you
otherwise
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Pascal's Law
I
p
=
=
same
as
Pressure formula
When there is an
increase in
preassure
at
any
point
in a
confined
fluid,
there is an equal
increase
at
every
other
point
inthe
container.
I
fi
↑ area
=
velocity
(ifflow rateis
constant
mcat
questions
Fluid
flow
->
no
friction;
assume
this
is
the
omen
and
otherwise
->
different
velocities:
fastest
in
center
types:
ideal -
non-viscous flow, poiseville flow,
laminar
flow,
turbulence
laminar
turbulence
real
fluids;
parabolic
shape
netflow in
one
direction
but
has
rando
en
↑177777,
eddies (changes
in
direction,
->
->
=
->
->
<
↑177777,
->
cross
sectional
area
(pipe)
oce
sectional
area
flowrate:
Q: AV
e velocity
pressure
Cardiac
Output
= Stroke
volume
Xheart rate
8
=
-)
example
in
cardiovascular
system:
A
blood/lymph
vessel),
V(velocity),
Q(cardiac
output)
VI Fair
currents
faster
air
re
R
Az
< A,
on
wind
s
Vzsv,
sideview
airplane
wing
can
be
treated
as
a
fluid
->
Bernouillis
Equation
"
-> slower
air
P
Pr
< P,
&
more pressure
on wing
K
=
p-Espressure
height
rotaped
kinetieng
et
ves.......op.
per
Unite
P,
a fluid
pressure
P.
In.
he
a
relationships:
a
velocity:
Pressured
inverse
is the
reduction
in
pressure
which
occurs
when the
fluid
speed
increases
Intermolecular forces
molecules
v
=
zE
pan
liquidnouarina
caviders one
+ve
a
capillary
action:
cohesive
vs adhesive
force
free fall
f
g
=
10Mj
Uf
=
vi
at
3
kinematic
Equations
4v(
=
viz
2aΔX-Y
its
falling
down
1x
=
vi
a
5y
=g
d
=
vx
t
Projectile
Motion
a
max
height
to
al
horizontal
speed
(Vox):20 CoS
Vo
a
constant
speed
i
↓
Voy
=
20.sin
300
=
=
1
=
1055m,
dy
=
-10m/s
(g)
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Visualizing
vectors
in
2
dimensions
a
=
aj
+ay
1
we
have
hypothenuse
52
ay
a
l
=
42
L + 32
7
Soh
can
toa
=
5
x
wewant
↑
opposite
25
=
16
a
536.869998ay 25
ax
Sin 36.
=
ay
↓
5 Sin 34.8699: 11
jyll
4
:COS
11ax
V
↓ 5
5 COS
=
x
=
1
son
can
to
a
=
az
ayz
7
↑
Y
⑧
=
20m/s
LI0Sin30:
y
>
X
a
4010S30:
X
av
=
i
t
f
=
au
=
28
0
=
10
d
=
10(2)
d
=
20
V
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
~
fparachute
adding
man
to
weaker
side
fg
fc
=
Fp
ma
Fo Fengine
ma
1200N
2000
=
fp
120kg
MOON
=
fp
960
=
N
N:
Fp
Energy
capacity
to
do work
u
know the
formulas
for the
different
types
of
energy
Kinetic
Energy:
Imu
Gravitational
paral
:
ign
units:
N=
Elastic potential:
kx
E
potential
energy:
"
or
Ed
or
qV
Potential
energy
stored
in
a
capacitor:IQ
or
CV
or
C
Work-think ofwork
in
this
exact
way
order:
W
=
Energy
If
energy
changed,
think
work
-when
you
see
the
following,
think
work:
A
velocity
pKE
I
height
A
Gravitational
PE
⑤Units:
Joules
All these
A position
of
masses
ex Gravitational
PE
changes
- A
position
of
a
charger
e
PE
S
d
in
energy
compression
of
a
spring
to
elastic
Ot
work 6)
Frictione
1 internal
energy
Air
Resistance
A
interna
energy
W
=
f.d.COSO
or
W-Farg.d-think
of
this
2nd
-anytime
a
force is
applied
across a
distance,
work
has
been done.
work
units:
I
=
N.m=
m
In
physics:
When the force &
displacement
are in the same
direction, work
is
positive.
If
fad are
in
opposite
directions,
work is
negative
In
physics
&
chemistry,
ifwork is
done
on
the
system,
work
is
If
work is
done
by
the
system,
work
is
a
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Power-think
this
way
&
order
(p
=
units
=
W
P
=
W
because
you
should
think
of work
as
At
1st
t
P
=
0
2nd definition of
work
t
Pi
=
Fr
cost
gives
instantinous
power.
Only
use
this
when
solving
for
power
using
force
&
velocity.
Non
Watts
=
5
=
Electricity
of
charge:
extra
electrons, I
relectivity
fewer
e's
When
we
are
discussing electricity
&
circuits,
Ais
always
a lack of
ets,
so
you
can be
positive,
no
o
feelings.
charge
value:
1.3x10-
C
Conservation
of
charge:
the
universe
always
has
a
zero
net
charge
Conductors
&
Resistors
a conductor allows
good
flow
a
resistor
impedes
flow
of
et's
an
insulator
is
a
material
with
very
resistivity
is
a semiconductor
is
half
insulator,
half
conductor
a
superconductor
is
when it's
under
precise
conditions,
and
has
resistance.
Electric
fields-think ofa field as an
invisible
influence
that
can
extent
a force on a
mass or
charge
field
lines:
always
drawn
up
their tails atthe
pointing
away
or
to
