1
Unit-5
Mechatronics
KME 101-T/201-T
By
Mr. Mahendra Singh
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MIET, Meerut
Fundamentals
of
Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics
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Sensors, Transducers, and Actuation Systems: An Introduction to Mechatronics, Summaries of Mechanical Engineering
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1
Unit- 5
Mechatronics
KME 101 - T/ 201 - T
By Mr. Mahendra Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering MIET, Meerut
Fundamentals
of
Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics
One Shot Video के लए यहाँ लक करे One Shot Video के लए यहाँ लक करे
2 Syllabus Introduction to Mechatronics : Evolution, Scope, Advantages and disadvantages of Mechatronics, Industrial applications of Mechatronics, Introduction to autotronics, bionics, and avionics and their applications. Sensors and Transducers: Types of sensors, types of transducers and their characteristics. Overview of Mechanical Actuation System – Kinematic Chains, Cam, Train Ratchet Mechanism, Gears and its type, Belt, Bearing
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Actuation Systems: Overview:
Pressure Control Valves, Cylinders, Direction Control Valves,
Rotary Actuators, Accumulators, Amplifiers, and Pneumatic
Sequencing Problems.
Mechatronics......
It is a multidisciplinary approach to product and manufacturing system design (Figure). It involves application of electrical, mechanical, control and computer engineering to develop products, processes and systems with greater flexibility, ease in redesign and ability of reprogramming. It concurrently includes all these disciplines.
Mechatronics can also be termed as replacement
of mechanics with electronics or enhance
mechanics with electronics.
For example, in modern automobiles,
mechanical fuel injection systems are now
replaced with electronic fuel injection systems.
This replacement made the automobiles more
efficient and less pollutant.
Mechatronics......
Q. 2 What are the Advantages of Mechatronics?
- Mechatronics enhances functionality and features.
- It brings more efficiency.
- Mechatronics adds intelligence to design of the system.
- Mechatronics solutions are less expensive when compared to mechanical solutions.
- A mechatronic solution improves design and reliability.
- It is also more user-friendly and safer to use.
- Mechatronic uses microcontroller, by which precision, position, speed, flow rate, and variables can be controlled.
Q. 3 What are the Dis-advantages of Mechatronics?
- High initial cost of the system.
- Imperative to have knowledge of different engineering field for design and implementation.
- Specific problem for various system would have to be addressed separately and properly.
- It is expensive to incorporate mechatronic approach to an existing/old system.
- Maintenance and servicing are costly.
10
Q. 5 Write short notes on Autotronics.
Definition: Autotronics can be defined as the combination of automobile and electronics or we can say that the use of electronics science in automobile vehicles is called autotronics. Major Areas: The use of electronics in the automobile field makes the system safe, improved and efficient. At present, in the new generation automobiles almost 75 %- 85 % of automobile parts are embedded with electronics system. The main areas of automobiles using autotronics are engine controlling system, airbags, antilock braking system, lightening interiors, GPS, music systems etc. In the autotronics systems the use of control units like sensors, motors and digital equipment establishes a communication between the various essential system and components of the vehicle.
Q. 6 Write short notes on Bionics.
Bionics is a field of technology that combines the study of biology
in nature and its patterns, with mechatronics, which combines
mechanical, electronics and software.
Bionics consists of many different subject areas, but one of the most
eye-catching and popular is bionic implants.
These implants aim to improve the standard of living for people
who have damaged body parts such as arms, legs, eyes, or even
ears.
Q. 7 Write short notes on Avionics.
Avionics are the electronics systems used in aircraft, artificial satellite, and spacecraft. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. Avionics grew in 1950 ’s and 1960 as electronic devices which replaces the mechanical or analog equipment in the aircraft. Avionics equipment on a modern military or civil aircraft account for around;
- 30 % of the total cost of the aircraft
- 40 % in the case of a maritime patrol/antisubmarine aircraft or helicopter.
- Over 75 % of the total cost in the case of an airborne early warning aircraft (AWACS).
NEED FOR AVIONICS:
To enable the flight crew to carry out the aircraft mission safely and efficiently. For civil airliner the mission is carrying passengers to their destination. For military aircraft the mission is intercepting a hostile aircraft, attacking a ground target, reconnaissance or maritime patrol. Advantages Increased safety Air traffic control requirements All weather operation Reduction in fuel consumption Improved aircraft performance and control and handling and reduction in maintenance costs
The transducer is a device that changes the physical attributes of the non- electrical signal into an electrical signal which is easily measurable. The process of energy conversion in the transducer is known as the transduction(figure). It consists of two parts:
- Sensing element/detector
- Transduction element
Q. 9 Define transducer with an example.
For example : thermometer
- Temperature Sensor
- Proximity Sensor
- Accelerometer
- IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor)
- Pressure Sensor
- Light Sensor
- Ultrasonic Sensor
- Smoke, Gas and Alcohol Sensor
- Touch Sensor, colour sensor
- Humidity Sensor
- Flow and Level Sensor
Q. 10 List the types of sensors.
- Transducer based on the Principle of Operation
- Capacitive
- Inductive
- Resistive
- Photoelectric
- chemical
- Transducer based on need of an External Power Source Active Transducer: Active transducers are those which do not require any power source for their operation. For example, a thermocouple, thermometer etc. Passive Transducer: Transducers which require an external power source for their operation is called as a passive transducer. For example, a strain gauge, thermistor etc.
Q. 12 Explain Characteristics of sensors and transducers
The performance characteristics are mainly divided into two
categories:
i) Static characteristics ii) Dynamic characteristics
i. Static characteristics:
Static characteristics refer to the characteristics of the system when the input is either held constant or varying very slowly. Range, sensitivity, linearity, resolution, accuracy, precision, response time etc are important static characteristics.
ii. Dynamic characteristics:
Dynamic characteristics refer to the performance of the instrument when the input variable is changing rapidly with time. For example, human eye cannot detect any event whose duration is more than one- tenth of a second; thus, the dynamic performance of human eye cannot be said to be very satisfactory. Few important dynamics characteristics are dynamic error, speed of response.