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Med Surg/ Pediatrics Exam 2 - Pedi GI Review
1.Why are infants and children more at risk than adults for dehydration?:
The have more total body water (TBW)
-greater/more rapid fluid loss
-more insensible fluid loss
2.TBW of premies and infants: premie
90% infant 75%
3.TBW of late adolescents: 45%
4.What age does the total body water start equaling adults?: about 2 y/o
5.Examples of insensible fluid loss: -Fever
-Respiratory tract
-Heat & humidity
-Respiratory rate
-Skin
6.Examples of sensible fluid loss: -Urine
-Feces
-Emesis
7.Labs for dehydration: ‘H & H, specific gravity, BUN,
creatinine “serum sodium, potassium, chloride,
magnesium
8.How do you treat Mild to Moderate Dehydration?: -Pedialyte
-ORAL fluids
When rehydrated resume regular diet
9.How do you treat severe dehydration?: §Initial IV infusion of 20ml/kg of
NS or LR
§Reassess and may need 1 ½ fluid maintenance
10.If a patient is vomiting, what position would you put them in?: Side lying
to prevent aspiration
11.If a patient is vomiting, how will you reintroduce their regular diet?: start
w small amounts of water/ food
12.Acute diarrhea in infants most likely: Roatvirus!
13.If a patient is vomiting, what will you rehydrate them with?: Rehydrate
with glucose-electrolyte solution, IV fluid (D5NS?)
14.Patients with chronic diarrhea are at increased risk of what?: FLUID LOSS
15.Infectious gastroenteritis caused by: -Viral pathogens
-Bacterial pathogens
-Parasitic and helminthic pathogens
16.Viral pathogens of infectious gastroenteritis:
