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Meet the disciples, Summaries of Painting

The University of Texas at AustinPainting

John, James and Simon Peter were often given special attention by Jesus. They were, for instance, the only three disciples to witness the Transfiguration or the.

Typology: Summaries

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Meet the disciples
Here’s a synopsis of the information the Bible gives us about the 12 disciples. The more you know about
them, the more you can relate to their experiences as they followed Jesus. If you’re interested in an extremely
creative (and yet biblical) look at the disciples, discover The Chosen television series. The first season is available
on YouTube, with more information available at studios.vidangel.com/the-chosen.
Simon, called Peter. The only married disciple, at least
according to what we know from the Gospels. His mother-in-law
was healed by Jesus (Mark 1:30). At Caesarea Philippi (Matthew
16:13ff), Jesus gave Simon the name Peter, which means “Rock.”
It was here that Jesus also referred to Simon as a “son of Jonah,”
and in a less complimentary moment, as “Satan!” See Matthew
16:23 for the context. The Gospel of Mark is generally thought
to be Mark’s written record of the eye-witness account of Simon
Peter. Simon’s betrayal of Jesus was second only to that of Judas
Iscariot. Unlike Judas, Simon lived through the weekend and
was eventually restored into full fellowship (John 21). Many
would consider Simon the leader of the church as the book
of Acts begins. His message on Pentecost and his bold witness
before the religious leaders in Jerusalem led to thousands of new
converts in a very short period of time.
Andrew, brother of Simon. The two them were from
Bethsaida (John 1:44). Andrew believed Jesus was the Messiah
before his more famous brother (John 1:40-42). Andrew is a
Greek name meaning “manly.” This may explain why some
In a scene from the television series “The Chosen,” Jesus (left) meets brothers Andrew (center) and Simon.
Jesus went up on a mountainside
and called to him those he wanted,
and they came to him. He appointed
twelve that they might be with him
and that he might send them out to
preach and to have authority to drive
out demons. These are the twelve
he appointed: Simon (to whom he
gave the name Peter), James son of
Zebedee and his brother John (to
them he gave the name Boanerges,
which means “sons of thunder”),
Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew,
Matthew, Thomas, James son of
Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the
Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who
betrayed him. – Mark 3:13-19
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Meet the disciples

Here’s a synopsis of the information the Bible gives us about the 12 disciples. The more you know about them, the more you can relate to their experiences as they followed Jesus. If you’re interested in an extremely creative (and yet biblical) look at the disciples, discover The Chosen television series. The first season is available on YouTube, with more information available at studios.vidangel.com/the-chosen. Simon, called Peter. The only married disciple, at least according to what we know from the Gospels. His mother-in-law was healed by Jesus (Mark 1:30). At Caesarea Philippi (Matthew 16:13ff), Jesus gave Simon the name Peter, which means “Rock.” It was here that Jesus also referred to Simon as a “son of Jonah,” and in a less complimentary moment, as “Satan!” See Matthew 16:23 for the context. The Gospel of Mark is generally thought to be Mark’s written record of the eye-witness account of Simon Peter. Simon’s betrayal of Jesus was second only to that of Judas Iscariot. Unlike Judas, Simon lived through the weekend and was eventually restored into full fellowship (John 21). Many would consider Simon the leader of the church as the book of Acts begins. His message on Pentecost and his bold witness before the religious leaders in Jerusalem led to thousands of new converts in a very short period of time. Andrew, brother of Simon. The two them were from Bethsaida (John 1:44). Andrew believed Jesus was the Messiah before his more famous brother (John 1:40-42). Andrew is a Greek name meaning “manly.” This may explain why some In a scene from the television series “The Chosen,” Jesus (left) meets brothers Andrew (center) and Simon. J

esus went up on a mountainside

and called to him those he wanted,

and they came to him. He appointed

twelve that they might be with him

and that he might send them out to

preach and to have authority to drive

out demons. These are the twelve

he appointed: Simon (to whom he

gave the name Peter), James son of

Zebedee and his brother John (to

them he gave the name Boanerges,

which means “sons of thunder”),

Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew,

Matthew, Thomas, James son of

Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the

Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who

betrayed him. – Mark 3:13-

Greek visitors approached Philip (also a Greek name meaning “lover of horses”) and Andrew in their effort to speak with Jesus. See John 12:20-22. James, brother of John and son of Zebedee. Jesus called the brothers the “Sons of Thunder” (Mark 3:17). James was the first of the disciples to die, executed by Herod Agrippa (Acts 12:1- 2). Agrippa also tried to execute Simon, but the church prayed and Simon was miraculously rescued. Not long after that, Herod was “struck down” and “eaten by worms” as he died (Acts 12:23). This event is also referenced by the historian Josephus who recorded: “A severe pain also arose in his belly, and began in a most violent manner.” Josephus said the pain lasted for five days before Agrippa’s death. (See Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 19.343- 350). John, brother of James, son of Zebedee. Apparently the youngest of Jesus’ disciples, John is the author of the Gospel of John. He may have been something of a favorite of Jesus. He refers to himself as “the beloved disciple multiple times in his record of events (John 19:26, 20:2, 21:7). John, James and Simon Peter were often given special attention by Jesus. They were, for instance, the only three disciples to witness the Transfiguration or the miraculous incident in Capernaum when a young girl was brought back to life. John was sitting beside Jesus at their final meal (John 13:23) and was given charge of Jesus’ mother (John 19:26). That was a profound decision, since Mary had other sons who could have been expected to care for her in her senior adult years. Philip is from Bethsaida, the same hometown as Simon and Andrew. According to John’s gospel, Philip was also one of the first disciples to join Jesus. Bartholomew is known only as being part of the original 12. It is possible that he was also known as Nathanael, who famously asked, “Can anything good come from Nazareth?” (John 1:46). Although most scholars don’t connect the two names with the same person, Bartholomew (like Nathanael) is always mentioned in tandem with Philip. Matthew, also known as Levi. He is the “son of Alphaeus” and a former tax collector. His eye-witness account of following Jesus is recorded in the Gospel of Matthew. James son of Alphaeus is sometimes referred to as “James the Less” in an effort to keep him separate from James the brother of John. Though he and Matthew both had fathers by the name of Alphaeus, there is no reference or tradition that the two men were brothers. However, an interesting detail in John 19 tells us T

he first season of the crowd-funded television series

“The Chosen” was filmed in Weatherford, Texas, about

30 miles west of Ft. Worth. Dallas Jenkins, son of author

Jerry Jenkins (best known for the “Left Behind” series), is

the director and driving force behind the project.

writes of Mary’s experience with Jesus in the passage above (Luke 8:2). In the previous paragraphs, Luke had also written of a woman who had “lived a sinful life” who was transformed by her own encounter with Jesus (Luke 7:36-50). The close proximity of the two passages led to an incorrect association between the two women by the Catholic church for centuries. In 2014, a new feast day honoring Mary - and perhaps trying to apologize for the centuries-long slander - was established. It has quickly taken root as an important holy day for Catholics around the world. What did this group of unheralded women do? Speculation usually centers on the daily care of Jesus and the disciples, especially in the tasks of preparing meals. However, the spiritual devotion of the women who followed Jesus has long been celebrated for being “last at the cross and first at the tomb.” Matthias was chosen as a “12th apostle by Simon Peter and the small group of followers waiting on Pentecost. Matthias was chosen by lot over Joseph Barsabbas but never mentioned again in the New Testament. Saul, known as Paul, considered himself to be chosen by Jesus as an apostle. He mentioned himself as an apostle nine times in his letters to the Corinthians. The other disciples also thought very highly of Paul, including him inside the inner circle of leadership on multiple occasions (see Acts 15 for the clearest example). In time, Paul became the most successful missionary of the first generation of followers. Along with some other well-known names from the NT (Barnabas, John Mark, Silas, Timothy and Luke) Paul established small groups of believers across what we know as modern-day Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Italy and Cyprus. He also penned 13 letters to these believers that became part of the NT, about 24 percent of the whole. Luke was not an apostle, but he is worth a brief mention here because of his authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts. Luke was a traveling companion of Paul, appearing to have first joined Paul’s team in Philippi (see the “we” statement in Acts 16:12). Luke clearly identifies himself as reporting on events others told him about in both the introduction of Luke and the opening lines of Acts. Though he never met Jesus, his carefully researched writing constitutes an impressive 29 percent of the New Testament.

Who wrote the New Testament?

Luke wrote

the Gospel

of Luke and

the Acts

Paul

wrote

letters

John wrote

the Gospel of

John, three

letters and

Revelation

T

he New Testament is a collection of biographies of Jesus (4), a history of the earliest believers (1), letters to churches or individuals (21) and one collection of “apocalyptic” literature. John Mark is thought to have written the first historical account of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus. It also widely assumed that Mark was a disciple of Simon Peter. If so, the “Gospel of Mark” would better be associated with the recollections and preaching of Peter.

Matthew

wrote the

Gospel of

Matthew

Can you find the errors in “The Last Supper” painting?

O

ne of the reasons we automatically think of the disciples as men is that the official group of 12 disciples were, indeed, all male. But another reason we think of the people surrounding Jesus as something of an ancient men’s club is because of cultural differences. Take the example of Leonardo da Vinci’s famous painting, “The Last Supper.” Like you, Leonardo didn’t get to actually lay eyes on Jesus and his closest followers. He also wasn’t Jewish and he painted this work something like 1,450 years after it happened. He was also from the “West,” while Jesus had lived in the “East.” As a result, lots of things in this painting are flat out wrong. Ready for some examples? In the painting In reality Jesus appears younger than Jesus was the oldest in the group most of his disciples The group is around a table If there was a table, it would have been far smaller, and it likely wouldn’t have needed a tablecloth Each person is in a chair Each person sat on the floor, in groups of 3 or 4 The food on the table: Loaves and fish No yeast-filled bread, no fish; Jesus would have been serving matzah bread, lamb, four cups of wine and all the ingredients of the Passover meal Soft hills in the distant daylight The meal was at night, in a city