Understanding Memory: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval, Lecture notes of Human Memory

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- ENCODING

- STORAGE

Explain the processes of

memory: encoding and

storage

Explain the difference in

short term and long term

memory

 ENCODING

 Process by which information is recorded

in a usable form

 STORAGE

 Maintenance of material stored in memory

system

 RETRIEVAL

 Material in memory storage is located,

brought to consciousness, and used

Short-term Stimulus (^) memory

Sensory memory

Long-term memory

Attention Encoding

Retrieval

Forgetting Forgetting Forgetting

 After the info is encoded, it goes through the storage process

 Definition: process by which information is maintained over a period of time

 The effort that was out in the encoding will help determine how much is stored for more than a few seconds

 3 Stage Approach (theory): most commonly known and used theory of memory

 Very brief memory storage immediately following initial stimulation of info  The senses of sight and hearing are able to hold input for a fraction of a second before it disappears  only lasts a few seconds, but is very accurate  Iconic  Stores information from visual system  Lasts less than 1 second  Ex: sparkler on 4th^ of July  Echoic  Stores information from auditory system  Lasts 3 to 4 seconds

1 8 1 2 1 9 4 1 1 7 7 6 1 4 9 2 2 0 0 1

1812 1941 1776 1492 2001

 PROCEDURAL  Also called non-declarative memory  Stores information about how to do things  Ex: Riding a bicycle, driving a car

 CODES  Linguistic  Relies on language  GPS units  Imaginal  Based on visual images  Motor  Based on physical activities

 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/how- memory-works.html