Stuff you need at the top of any C++ program is:
#ifndef HEADER_H
#define HEADER_H
At the end, you then have to put:
#endif
The .cpp file needs to #include “header.h”
Only need copy constructor/ assignment operator if there is dynamic content
You only need to create your own assignment operator if you need deep copy support – if
the class deals with pointers or arrays. Otherwise the shallow copy support given by
default will be enough – it copies the data members from one object to the other.
Signed int allows negative values. Unsigned int only allows 0 and positive values,
allowing twice the amount of positives.
Dangling pointer – pointer without a target
Memory leak – have memory with no pointer storing its address
A dangling pointer hold an address that the program does not have proper
ownership of. A memory leak occurs
when the program retains ownership of an address, but no longer has a pointer or
reference storing that address
and so cannot access that location.
When objects are destroyed the destructor is called to prevent memory leaks.
Destructors look like constructors with a ‘~’ in front and are automatically called when
the object is no longer in scope
An assignment operator returns a value of the object type so that chained assignment calls
can be used.
Declaring a member function to be const means that the function cannot change the
values of any of the data members
main() must have an int return type
semicolon after class declaration
must close your own input/output streams unless you’re using cout or cin
For arrays:
= doesn’t copy the contents of the array
== isn’t supported
Arrays can’t be passed by value to a function
