Metabolism lecture notes., Study notes of Biochemistry

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2/28/25, 2:05 PM about:blank Metabolism lecture notes Metabolism: the sum of all the chemical processes necessary to make possible the characteristics of living cells/organisms Organisms need to maintain themselves grow and reproduce. This requires energy, carbon sources and reducing power Phototrophs Chemotrophs ‘Autotrophs | Light for energy Inorganic compounds for energy + Sunlight + Hh, FeCOs, NHs Inorganic source of carbon Inorganic source of carbon + CO + CO, Inorganic sources of electrons Inorganic sources for electrons + 120, 1S + Hh, FeCOs, NH Higher plants, photosynthetic bacteria, | Sulphur bacteria, iton bacteria blue-green bacteria Chemolithotrophs Heterotrophs | Light for energy Organic compounds for energy + Sunlight + Glucose, fats Organic source of carbon Organic source of carbon + Isopropanol, lactate + Glucose, fats Organic sources of electrons Organic sources of electrons Isopropanol, lactate ‘Non-sulphur purple bacteria + Glucose, fats Higher animals most microbes, non- photosynthetic plants Chemoorganotrophs © Giant tubeworms — these marine invertebrates live in hydrothermal vents, at depths which use light can’t reach, The tubeworms live in a symbolic relationship with chemolithotrophic. bacteria inside them. They provide oxygen to the bacteria, which the bacteria use to oxidise hydrogen sulphide, providing energy for CO: fixation, These bacteria then provide nutrients, to the tube worms. The tube worms are therefore chemoheterotrophs. Camivorous plants typically eat meat in order to supplement their nitrogen — they do not require it as a source of energy, carbon, or reducing power. A photoautotroph. E.g. a Venus flytrap @ Humans are chemoterotrophs, we eat food for energy (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) Fuel oxidation (catabolism) e.g. respiration of glucose complex to simple Biosynthesis (anabolism) e.g. DNA synthesis simple to complex oxidative reactions: electrons and reductive reactions: electrons and hydrogens hydrogens removed, or oxygen added. _| added. Reactions release energy, can occur reactions require energy, and do not occur spontaneous, AG<0 spontaneous, AG>0 2277? 1124