Metric Space - Advanced Analysis - Exam, Exams of Design and Analysis of Algorithms

These are the notes of Exam of Advanced Analysis which includes Inner Product, Continuous Functions, Calculators, Shorter Problems, Converges Absolutely, Uniformly, Normal Vector etc. Key important points are: Metric Space, Calculators, Card, Function, Bounded Sequence, Complete Metric Space, Convergent Subsequence, Smooth Function, Properties, Continuous

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2012/2013

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Math 508 Exam 2 Jerry L. Kazdan
December 9, 2010 9:00 10:20
Directions This exam has three parts, Part A asks for 3 examples (5 points each, so 15 points).
Part B has 4 shorter problems (8 points each so 32 points). Part C has 4 traditional problems (15
points each so 60 points). Total is 107 points.
Closed book, no calculators or computers– but you may use one 300 ×500 card with notes on both
sides.
Part A: Examples (3 examples, 5 points each so 15 points). Give an example having the specified
property.
1. A function fC1([1,1]) but is not in C2([1,1]) .
2. A bounded sequence akin a complete metric space Mwhere akhas no convergent subsequence.
3. A sequence of continuous functions fn(x)C([0,1]) that converges pointwise to zero but
R1
0fn(x)dx 1. [A clear sketch is adequate.]
Part B: Short Problems (4 problems, 8 points each so 32 points)
B–1. Let f(x) be a smooth function with the properties: f(1) = 1, f(0) = 0 , and f(1) = 1.
Show that f00 (c) = 2 at some c(1,1). [Suggestion: Consider g(x) := f(x)x2.]
B–2. Let Z2x
0
f(t)dt =ecos(3x+1) +A. Find fC(R) and the constant A.
B–3. Let fC([1,3]). Compute lim
n→∞ Z3
1
f(x)enx dx. [Justify your assertions.]
B–4. Show that f(x) :=
X
1
sin(3nx2)
n2is continuous for 0 xπ.
Part C: Traditional Problems (4 problems, 15 points each so 60 points)
C–1. Let A(t) and B(t) be n×nmatrices that are differentiable for t[a, b] and let t0(a, b).
Directly from the definition of the derivative, show that the product M(t) := A(t)B(t) is
differentiable at t=t0and obtain the usual formula for M0(t0).
C–2. Let Kbe a compact set in a complete metric space Mwith metric d(x, y) . If p M is a
point not in K, let c= inf xKd(p, x). Show there is a point qKsuch that d(p, q ) = c.
pf2

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Math 508 Exam 2 Jerry L. Kazdan

December 9, 2010 9:00 – 10:

Directions This exam has three parts, Part A asks for 3 examples (5 points each, so 15 points). Part B has 4 shorter problems (8 points each so 32 points). Part C has 4 traditional problems ( points each so 60 points). Total is 107 points. Closed book, no calculators or computers– but you may use one 3′′^ × 5 ′′^ card with notes on both sides.

Part A: Examples (3 examples, 5 points each so 15 points). Give an example having the specified property.

  1. A function f ∈ C^1 ([− 1 , 1]) but is not in C^2 ([− 1 , 1]).
  2. A bounded sequence ak in a complete metric space M where ak has no convergent subsequence.
  3. A sequence of continuous functions∫ fn(x) ∈ C([0, 1]) that converges pointwise to zero but 1 0 fn(x)^ dx^ ≥^ 1. [A clear sketch is adequate.]

Part B: Short Problems (4 problems, 8 points each so 32 points)

B–1. Let f (x) be a smooth function with the properties: f (−1) = 1, f (0) = 0, and f (1) = 1. Show that f ′′(c) = 2 at some c ∈ (− 1 , 1). [Suggestion: Consider g(x) := f (x) − x^2 .]

B–2. Let

∫ (^2) x

0

f (t) dt = ecos(3x+1)^ + A. Find f ∈ C(R) and the constant A.

B–3. Let f ∈ C([1, 3]). Compute (^) nlim→∞

1

f (x)e−nx^ dx. [Justify your assertions.]

B–4. Show that f (x) :=

∑^ ∞

1

sin(3nx^2 ) n^2

is continuous for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

Part C: Traditional Problems (4 problems, 15 points each so 60 points)

C–1. Let A(t) and B(t) be n × n matrices that are differentiable for t ∈ [a, b] and let t 0 ∈ (a, b). Directly from the definition of the derivative, show that the product M (t) := A(t)B(t) is differentiable at t = t 0 and obtain the usual formula for M ′(t 0 ).

C–2. Let K be a compact set in a complete metric space M with metric d(x, y). If p ∈ M is a point not in K , let c = infx∈K d(p, x). Show there is a point q ∈ K such that d(p, q) = c.

C–3. Let f ∈ C^1 ([0, 2]). Given any  > 0 show there is a polynomial p(x) such that

max x∈[0,2] |f (x) − p(x)| + max x∈[0,2] |f ′(x) − p′(x)| < 

That is, ‖f − p‖C (^1) ([0,2]) < .

C–4. Let f (x) and h(x, y) be continuous functions for x, y ∈ [0, 2]. Show that if the constant λ > 0 is sufficiently small, the equation

u(x) = f (x) + λ

0

h(x, y)u(y) dy.

has a unique solution u(x) ∈ C([0, 2]).

Extra Problems The following are some problems that I almost put on the exam — but then it would have been much too long.

Ex–1. Let 0 < an ∈ R be a sequence with the property that an+ an

≤ c, n = 1, 2 ,... for some 0 < c < 1. Show that an → 0.

Ex–2. Show that a compact set in a metric space is bounded.

Ex–3. Let R^2 be the points V = (x, y) with the usual Euclidean norm ‖V ‖ =

x^2 + y^2. Using that R is complete with norm |x|, prove directly that R^2 is complete.

Ex–4. If

∑^ ∞

0

anzn^ converges at z = R and if 0 < r < R, prove that it converges uniformly in the

disk {z ∈ C : |z| ≤ r}.

Ex–5. Let ϕn(t) be a sequence of smooth real-valued functions with the properties

(a) ϕn(t) ≥ 0 , (b) ϕn(t) = 0 for |t| ≥ 1 /n, (c)

−∞

ϕn(t) dt = 1.

Note: because of (b), this integral is only over − 1 /n ≤ t ≤ 1 /n. Assume f (x) is uniformly continuous for all x ∈ R and define

fn(x) :=

−∞

f (x − t)ϕn(t) dt.

Show that fn(x) converges uniformly to f (x) for all x ∈ R. Note explicitly where you use the uniform continuity of f. [Suggestion: Use f (x) = f (x)

∞ −∞ ϕn(t)^ dt

−∞ f^ (x)ϕn(t)^ dt^ ].