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MI AQUATIC PEST MANAGEMENT EXAM QUESTIONS &
DETAILED ANSWERS A+ GRADE ACED
Act No. 451, Part 83 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Pesticide control; gives director of MDA authority to register/certify private and commercial applicators and to prescribe standards for certification and registration Act 451, Part 33 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Aquatic Nuisance Control
- MDEQ has authority to regulate chemical treatment of waters, sets requirements for obtaining permitting for chemical treatments of water, and requires posting of the area impacted by chemical treatments Act 451, Part 31 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Water Resources Protection
- MDEQ has the authority to protect state water resources from pollution and unlawful discharges
- MDEQ establishes pollution standards for waters
- MDEQ has jurisdiction over mosquito control strategies involving application of pesticides to surface waters of the site Act 451, Part 4 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Water Quality Standards Act 451, Regulation 636 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - All commercial applicators must maintain records of pesticide use for 1 year following application of general use pesticides, and 3 years following application of RUPs
- Minimum competency standard of registered technician for pesticide applicators
Act 451, Regulation 637 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Defines commercial pesticide application mandatory practices (i.e. mixing and disposing rules, PPE rules, posting rules, etc.) What is necessary when a restricted use pesticide is being applied? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** Certified applicator must make the application or be physically present to supervise the application of the RUP at the time/place it is applied Someone who is not a certified applicator, but is authorized to apply general use pesticides for a commercial purpose or apply general use pesticides as scheduled work assignment; may not purchase RUPs - CORRECT ANSWER >>> registered technician True or False: The state law regulating pesticides is called FIFRA. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> False - FIFRA is a federal law. To what agency does the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act give the director the authority to register or certify private and commercial applicators and to prescribe standards for certification and registration? a. MSU Extension. b. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. c. Michigan Department of Agriculture d. Public Health Department - CORRECT ANSWER >>> c. Michigan Department of Agriculture Which statement is true about the Aquatic Nuisance Control Act (Part 33 of Act 451)? a. Gives authority to MDA to regulate the chemical treatment of waters of the state. ** Defines commercial pesticide application mandatory practices (i.e. mixing and disposing rules, PPE rules, posting rules, etc.) What is necessary when a restricted use pesticide is being applied? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Certified applicator must make the application or be physically present to supervise the application of the RUP at the time/place it is applied Someone who is not a certified applicator, but is authorized to apply general use pesticides for a commercial purpose or apply general use pesticides as scheduled work assignment; may not purchase RUPs - CORRECT ANSWER >>> registered technician True or False: The state law regulating pesticides is called FIFRA. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> False - FIFRA is a federal law. To what agency does the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act give the director the authority to register or certify private and commercial applicators and to prescribe standards for certification and registration? a. MSU Extension. b. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. c. Michigan Department of Agriculture d. Public Health Department - CORRECT ANSWER >>> c. Michigan Department of Agriculture Which statement is true about the Aquatic Nuisance Control Act (Part 33 of Act 451)? a. Gives authority to MDA to regulate the chemical treatment of waters of the state. b. Allows single owners to chemically treat waterbodies with a surface area greater than 10 acres.
a. Regulates the control of aquatic nuisance pests. b. Lists what information should be recorded in pesticide application records. c. Protects the state's water resources from pollution and unlawful discharges. d. Requires specific conduct of pesticide applicators to protect people and the environment. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> d. Requires specific conduct of pesticide applicators to protect people and the environment. Which statement is true regarding Part 31 of Act 451 Water Resources Protection? a. Gives MDEQ regulatory jurisdiction over mosquito control strategies involving application of pesticides to surface waters of the state. b. Requires posting of an area impacted by a chemical treatment along the shoreline. c. Requires providing a lake management plan as part of an application for a permit when whole lake treatments are proposed. d. Requires keeping your boat in legal working condition - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Gives MDEQ regulatory jurisdiction over mosquito control strategies involving application of pesticides to surface waters of the state. Who administers and enforces the Aquatic Nuisance Control Act? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** MDEQ List at least four site characteristics that are important to take note of when monitoring aquatic areas. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1. Location of body of water and water uses
- History of water uses and previous management practices
- Water quality, fertility, pH, clarity, temperature, hardness
- Inflowing and outflowing water routes
- Fish species present, their age, size, and abundance, and ecosystem roles
- Diversity of birds and animals, including bottom-dwelling organisms
- Aquatic vegetation, submerged, emergent, shoreline, and wetland
- Bottom characteristics like depth, slope, sediment type, and quality
- Appearance of water's edge, shoreline, or banks
- Surrounding development and activity that can influence aquatic environments Why is knowing a pest's life cycle essential? a. It allows you to time your treatment to coincide with the pest's vulnerable life stage. b.You can determine if controls are necessary and what tactics and tools should be used. c. It helps you know what environment they will be in at a particular stage in their life. d. Both a and b. e. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> e. All of the above. What is the dominant pest facing the aquatic pest manager? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> weeds Which of these statements is not true? a. Good water quality supports a balanced diversity of species; the number of each type is high and an equilibrium exists. b. Management techniques are likely to vary from site to site. c. Poorer water quality frequently results in fewer species that may be at nuisance levels. d. The efficacy of various management techniques and their performance under the wind, water and weather conditions should be evaluated and recorded. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Good water quality supports a balanced diversity of species; the number of each type is high and an equilibrium exists. Which of the following is necessary to have an effective pest management program?
Water with high dissolved calcium, magnesium, iron, and strontium that bind with clay and organic matter and cause them to precipitate. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Hard water ____ water tends to be clearer and therefore weedier than ____ water. **- CORRECT ANSWER
** Hard; soft Water characterized by low calcium and magnesium concentration; characterized by suspended organic substances that prevent good light penetration. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Soft water Which is not an important factor for aquatic plant growth?
** e. All of the above. What is the dominant pest facing the aquatic pest manager? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> weeds Which of these statements is not true? a. Good water quality supports a balanced diversity of species; the number of each type is high and an equilibrium exists. b. Management techniques are likely to vary from site to site. c. Poorer water quality frequently results in fewer species that may be at nuisance levels. d. The efficacy of various management techniques and their performance under the wind, water and weather conditions should be evaluated and recorded. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Good water quality supports a balanced diversity of species; the number of each type is high and an equilibrium exists. Which of the following is necessary to have an effective pest management program? Water with high dissolved calcium, magnesium, iron, and strontium that bind with clay and organic matter and cause them to precipitate. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Hard water ____ water tends to be clearer and therefore weedier than ____ water. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Hard; soft Water characterized by low calcium and magnesium concentration; characterized by suspended organic substances that prevent good light penetration. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Soft water Which is not an important factor for aquatic plant growth? a. Temperature. b. A stable substrate. c. Sunlight and nutrients. d. Large amounts of wave action. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> d. Large amounts of wave action. The bottom of the photic zone is defined as: a. 30 feet beneath the surface. b. The depth at which the light intensity is equivalent to one percent of full sunlight. c. The depth at which the light intensity is equivalent to ten percent of full sunlight. d. Only a few inches beneath the surface - CORRECT ANSWER >>> b. The depth at which the light intensity is equivalent to one percent of full sunlight. True or False: It is possible to have dense stands of submersed weeds in clear, clean waters that have low water nutrient content, yet have high sediment nutrition. **- CORRECT ANSWER ** True
The larger the watershed (area draining into a body of water): a. The greater the amount of nutrients being deposited in a water body with the potential of producing aquatic plants. b. The more the amount of nutrients are dispersed, reducing the aquatic plants. c. The greater the water hardness, reducing the potential of producing more aquatic plants. d. Both b and c. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. The greater the amount of nutrients being deposited in a water body with the potential of producing aquatic plants. Large amounts of decomposing plants can ______________________ the dissolved oxygen level in a body of water. a. Raise. b. Lower. c. Have no effect on. d. Stabilize. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> b. Lower Which is not a dominant fish species if phytoplankton production is high? a. Pike. b. Bass. c. Bluegill. d. Trout. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> d. Trout. Temperature is an important factor in determining what characteristics of aquatic plants? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Life cycle and geographic distribution
Watermilfoil - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - submersed plant
- grow at the surface and may have small flower stalks that extend above water surface
- most are native, but Eurasian watermilfoil is exotic and problematic
- reproduce mainly by fragmentation and stolons
- Controlled by selective herbicides, contact herbicides and harvesting are not recommended Pondweeds - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - Submersed plant
- Most are beneficial natives, but curly-leaf pondweed is exception
- Spreads by re-rooting of fragments
- Can overwinter under ice cover, and leaf structures can lie dormant in substrates for years - Most important waterfowl food in U.S. Naiads - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - Submersed plant
- Desirable when low-growing lake bottom covers, but nuisance when they grow to the surface and create impenetrable masses of vegetation
- Annuals that overwinter as a seed Submersed plant species - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - Watermilfoil
- Pondweeds
- Naiads
- Coontail
- Wild celery or tape (eel) grass
- Elodea or waterweed
- Hydrilla - not native
Free-floating plants - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Duckweed and Watermeal
- obtain nutrients directly from water small, green, floating, oval, may have roots on underside - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Duckweed smallest flowering plants, granular in size, no root extending from underside, often mistaken as seeds - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Watermeal Rooted Floating Plants - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - Waterlilies or lily pads
- Watershield
- American lotus Emergent Plants - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - Cattails
- Purple loosestrife Which statement concerning algae is incorrect? a. Algae are classified as being either planktonic, filamentous or erect. b. Algae reproduce by cell division, plant fragmentation or spores. c. All algae obtain energy from sunlight. d. Algae are simple plants with true roots. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> d. Algae are simple plants with true roots. What organism is commonly referred to as "pond scum"? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Planktonic type filamentous algae
Naiads differ from many other aquatic pest species in that they are _________________and overwinter as _____________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> annuals; seeds Which is not a characteristic of coontail? a. It has clusters of finely forked leaves that appear bushy at or near the end of the stem. b. It is a hardy plant with long, limp, ribbonlike leaves arising from the base of the plant. c. It harbors significant amounts of food for fish and waterfowl in its branches. d. Because of fragmentation, harvesting of coontail is not recommended. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> b. It is a hardy plant with long, limp, ribbonlike leaves arising from the base of the plant. True or False: To control wild celery or tape grass, try hand pulling, raking or screening the bottom, but not herbicide treatments. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> True American Eelgrass - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Which statement about rooted floating plants is not true? a. They do not normally constitute a nuisance. b. Waterlilies are valued as fish cover and for their showy flowers. c. It is best to treat watershield chemically after its gelatinous coating develops. d. The seeds of the American lotus are a valuable food for waterfowl, and their rhizomes are also edible. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> c. It is best to treat watershield chemically after its gelatinous coating develops. What free-floating, tiny, green, oval plant reproduces by division and is common in quiet water?
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Duckweed
These are objectives of what control method?
- preventing weed spread
- eliminating nutrient sources that support growth
- deepening or increasing slope of shallow areas where plants can grow - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Preventative control Nutrients of concern in eutrophication - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1. Phosphorous
- Nitrogen
- Carbon Types of mechanical control - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - hand pulling
- raking
- using mechanized equipment What type of control involves altering the environment in which the weeds are found to discourage their establishment and reproduction? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cultural control What type of control involves introducing or enhancing the production of organisms that restrict pest species? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Biological control or biomanipulation True or False: It is possible to prevent the spread of aquatic weeds by animals, wind, or water. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> False Define eutrophication - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Aging and deterioration of a lake's ecosystem, often influenced by the addition of nutrients which increase production of plants and algae
True or False: Mechanical harvesting is like mowing a lawn — plants continue growing from the uncut portions — so harvesting must be done several times during the season to maintain open water. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> True Which of these statements about cultural weed control is true? a. Lining the shore with rocks to prevent erosion and establishment of weeds does not require a permit. b. One of the benefits of a partial drawdown is to concentrate the fish in a larger, shallow area away from the weed zone. c. The best benthic barriers are gas permeable and opaque and cannot be penetrated by plant roots or vegetation. d. Aeration controls algae and macrophytes. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> c. The best benthic barriers are gas permeable and opaque and cannot be penetrated by plant roots or vegetation. Which statement concerning aeration is false? a. If not done correctly or thoroughly, the aquatic algae problem may increase. b. Aeration can bring nutrients that were trapped in the colder, deeper water to the surface, causing algae bloom. c. The benefits derived from aeration to control aquatic weeds or algal blooms outweigh the potential problems. d. The primary benefit of aeration may be to prevent oxygen depletion during the summer or winter to prevent fish kills. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> c. The benefits derived from aeration to control aquatic weeds or algal blooms outweigh the potential problems. Which species is(are) susceptible to drawdown?
a. Water smartweed (Polygonum natans) b. Large-leaf pondweed (Potamogeton amplifolius) c. Watershield (Brasenia schreberi) d. Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) e. Both a and b. f. Both b and c - CORRECT ANSWER >>> f. Both b and c What species are enhanced by winter drawdown? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Naiads, Milfoils, and Curly-leaf pondweed _________controls include strategies that introduce or enhance the production of organisms that restrict pest species. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Biological _______________ is the alteration of the food web to improve water clarity by enhancing biological activities of an aquatic site. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Biomanipulation The grass carp: a. Is not considered an effective control for emergent vegetation or large free-floating weeds. b. Is selective in the plants types it feeds on. c. Has stable consumption habits, which makes stocking rates easy to establish. d. Is allowed in Michigan if it is sterile. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Is not considered an effective control for emergent vegetation or large free-floating weeds. Properties by which herbicides are grouped (3) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - absorption characteristics
- plant processes that they affect
- Soil chemistry
- Water chemistry (pH, turbidity, hardness) Which statement regarding aquatic herbicides is false? a. Their formulation consists of an organic or inorganic active ingredient, an inert carrier and perhaps adjuvants. b. Every herbicide must be registered for use in the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency. c. About 200 herbicides are registered for use on aquatic sites in Michigan. d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> c. About 200 herbicides are registered for use on aquatic sites in Michigan. List the considerations in planning a successful aquatic herbicide program. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1. Proper identification of the weed or weeds.
- Uses of the water to be treated
- Timing of the treatment
- Water characteristics, including temperature, alkalinity, % saturation of D.O.
- Method of application
- Probability of re-treatment, potentially within the same year
- Impact on nontarget plants and animals
- Weather
- Cost
- Permission from appropriate agencies and property owners/managers to perform the treatment True or False: Contact herbicides are generally more effective on perennial and woody plants than on annual herbaceous plants. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> False
When are herbicides that affect cell division most effective? a. When the plant has reached full maturity. b. During the plant's early growth period. c. Before the weed seed germinates and begins to grow. d. Both a and b. e. Both b and c. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> e. Both b and c. A herbicide that causes abnormal plant tissue development is a ______________. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Plant growth regulator (PGR) Which is an example of a herbicide that is used to control all or most vegetation? a. PGR b. Broad spectrum herbicides c. Selective herbicides d. Both a and c. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> b. Broad spectrum herbicides Which will intercept and retain a greater amount of herbicide? a. Narrow, upright leaves. b. Broad, horizontally oriented leaves. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> b. Broad, horizontally oriented leaves. Which statement about environmental factors affecting herbicide applications is false?
