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Microbiology 2460 Exam 2 Correctly Answered Questions | UpToDate | Already Graded A+ The term prokaryotes refers to which of the following? A. very small organisms B. unicellular organisms that have no nucleus C. multicellular organisms D. cells that resemble animal cells more than plant cells. VVV:B The term microbiota refers to which of the following? a. all microorganisms of the same species b. all of the microorganisms involved in a symbiotic relationship c. all microorganisms in a certain region of the human body d. all microorganisms in a certain geographic region VVV=C Which of the following refers to the type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits and the other is not affected? a. mutualism b. commensalism c. parasitism. 1|Page d. neutralism VV¥V:B Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria? a. phylum b. class c. species d. genus VVVIA All Alphaproteobacteria are which of the following? a. oligotrophs b. intracellular c. pathogenic d. all of the above e. none of the above VVVIA Class Betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera? a. Neisseria. b. Bordetella. c. Leptothrix. d. Campylobacter. 2|Page Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons? a. oxygenic b. anoxygenic c. heterotrophic d. phototrophic VVVIA Which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive? a. Corynebacterium diphtheriae b. Staphylococcus aureus c. Bacillus anthracis d. Streptococcus pneumoni VVVIA The term "deeply branching" refers to which of the following? a. the cellular shape of deeply branching bacteria b. the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria c. the ability of deeply branching bacteria to live in deep ocean waters d. the pattern of growth in culture of deeply branching bacteria VVV:B Which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile? a. Aquifex pyrophilus 4|Page b. Deinococcus radiodurans c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis vVV:B Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their a. genetics b. cell wall structure c. ecology d. unicellular structure V¥¥:D Which of the following is true of archaea that produce methane? a. They reduce carbon dioxide in the presence of nitrogen. b. They live in the most extreme environments. c. They are always anaerobes. d. They have been discovered on Mars. VVV:B Which genus includes the causative agent for malaria? a. Euglena b. Paramecium c. Plasmodium d. Trypanosoma 5|Page VVVIA A segmented worm has male and female reproductive organs in each segment. Some use hooks to attach to the intestinal wall. Which type of worm is this? a. fluke b. nematode c. cestode d. annelid VVWV=C Mushrooms are a type of which of the following? a. conidia b. ascus c. polar tubule d. basidiocarp VVveD Which of the following is the most common cause of human yeast infections? a. Candida albicans b. Blastomyces dermatitidis c. Cryptococcus neoformans d. Aspergillus fumigatus VVVIA 7|Page Which of the following is an ascomycete fungus associated with bat droppings that can cause a respiratory infection if inhaled? a. Candida albicans b. Histoplasma capsulatum c. Rhizopus stolonifera d. Trichophyton rubrum VVV:B Which polysaccharide found in red algal cell walls is a useful solidifying agent? a. chitin b. cellulose c. phycoerythrin d. agar VVV:D Which is the term for the hard outer covering of some dinoflagellates? a. theca b. thallus c. mycelium d. shell VVVZA b. an ascomycete c. a Zygomycete d. an apicomplexan vVV:B The component(s) of a virus that is/are extended from the envelope for attachment is/are the: a. capsomeres b. spikes c. nucleic acid d. viral whiskers VVV:B Which of the following does a virus lack? Select all that apply. a. ribosomes b. metabolic processes c. nucleic acid d. glycoprotein vvv: A&B The envelope of a virus is derived from the host's a. nucleic acids b. membrane structures c. cytoplasm d. genome 10|Page VVV:B In naming viruses, the family name ends with and genus name ends with a. —virus; —viridae b. —viridae; —virus c. —virion; virus d. —virus; virion VVV:B What is another name for a nonenveloped virus? a. enveloped virus b. provirus c. naked virus d. latent virus VVV=C Which of the following leads to the destruction of the host cells? a. lysogenic cycle b. lytic cycle c. prophage d. temperate phage VVV:B 11|Page a. transduction b. penetration c. excision d. translation VVVZA Which of the followings cannot be used to culture viruses? a. tissue culture b. liquid medium only c. embryo d. animal host VVV:B Which of the following tests can be used to detect the presence of a specific virus? a. EIA b. RT-PCR c. PCR d. all of the above v¥v¥:D Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect? a. transformation b. cell fusion 13|Page c. mononucleated cell d. inclusion bodies VVWVEC Which of these infectious agents do not have nucleic acid? a. viroids b. viruses c. bacteria d. prions VVV:D Which of the following is true of prions? a. They can be inactivated by boiling at 100 °C. b. They contain a capsid. c. They are a rogue form of protein, PrP. d. They can be reliably inactivated by an autoclave VVWV=C Prokaryotes are microorganisms who cells have no ¥¥¥: unicellular/nucleus Prokaryotes can be found everywhere on our planet, even in the most vv: extreme environments 14|Page is a phylum of gram-negative bacteria discovered by Carl Woese in the 1980s bases on nucleotide sequence homology. vv: Proteobacteria Proteobacteria are further classified into the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, and epsilonproteobacteria, each class having separate orders, families, genera, and species. vv¥: classes are vv: Alphaproteobacteria/oligotrophs The taxa chlamydias and rickettsias are vv¥: obligate intracellular pathogens are v vv: Bethaproteobacteria/eutrophs are the largest and the most diverse group of proteobacteria and some are v¥ vv: gammaproteobacteria/enteric make up a small group to reduce sulfate or elemental sulfur 16|Page v¥ vv: deltaproteobactiera make up the smallest group of proteobactiera v¥¥¥: epsilonproteobacteria gram negative nonproteobacteria include the taxa ; the Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, Bacteroids group; Planctomycetes; and many representatives of vv Vv: spirochetes; phototrophic bacteria. are motile, spiral bacteria with a long, narrow body; they are difficult or impossible to culture vv Vv: Spirochetes several genera of spirochetes contain human pathogens that cause such diseases as and diseases v vv: syphilis and lyme disease , and are classified together as a phylum called the group > v¥ vv: Cytophaga, Fusobacterium and Bacteroids/ CFB What is cytophaga? v vv: Aquatic bacteria with the gliding motility 17|Page are oxygen-producing bacteria thought to have played a critical role in the forming of the earth's atmosphere. v¥ vv: cyanobacteria are a very large and diverse group microorganisms. v¥ vv: gram positive bacteria gram positive bacteria are classified into __ based on the prevalence of guanine and cytosine in their genome vv Vv: high G+C gram positive and low G+C gram positive bacteria actinobacteria is the of the class of high G+C vvv: taxonomic name Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Frankia, Gardnerella, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium VV¥: High G+C examples of high gt+c v¥¥v: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis; M. leprae, which causes leprosy (Hansen's disease); and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which causes diphtheria. 19|Page low gtc are generally obligate anaerobes and can form endospores, examples are : vv¥: C. perfringens (gas gangrene), C. tetani (tetanus), and C. botulinum (botulism). lactobacillales include v¥ vv: Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus. Bacilli is a taxonomic class of G+C gram positive bacteria. vvv: low B.anthracis causes C.cereus cases_ both are highly resistant to vv: anthrax/infections in GI tract antibiotics Mycoplasma spp. are very small, low g+c gram positive bacteria that lack cell walls. v¥ vv: pleomorphic causes atypical pneumonia v vv: M.pneumonia are photogenically the most ancient forms of life, being the closest to the last universal common ancestor 20|Page 
