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Microbiology A systems approach chapter 4 Correctly solved, Exams of Microbiology

Chamberlain College of NursingMicrobiology

Types of Prokaryotes - Answer Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotic Cells - Answer -less complex -30 x times smaller than Eukaryotic Cells -they do not have organelles -small free living organisms External Parts of the Prokaryotic Cells - Answer Appendages and Glycocalyx Types of appendages found in the Prokaryotic Cells - Answer Flagella, Pili, Fimbriae Types of Glycocalyx - Answer capsule and slime layer Parts of the Cellular Envelope in the Prokaryotic Cell - Answer Outer membrane, cell wall, cell membrane

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Microbiology A systems approach chapter
4 Correctly solved
Types of Prokaryotes - Answer Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic Cells - Answer -less complex
-30 x times smaller than Eukaryotic Cells
-they do not have organelles
-small free living organisms
External Parts of the Prokaryotic Cells - Answer Appendages and Glycocalyx
Types of appendages found in the Prokaryotic Cells - Answer Flagella, Pili, Fimbriae
Types of Glycocalyx - Answer capsule and slime layer
Parts of the Cellular Envelope in the Prokaryotic Cell - Answer Outer membrane, cell
wall, cell membrane
Internal Structure of a Prokaryotic Cell - Answer Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Inclusions,
Necleoid, Actin Cytoskeleton, Endospores
Three parts of the Flagella - Answer filament, hook, basal
Types of flagella - Answer monotrichous, lophotrichous, peritrichous
Monotrichous - Answer single flagella
Lophotrichous - Answer small tufts emerging from the same site
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Microbiology A systems approach chapter

4 Correctly solved

Types of Prokaryotes - Answer Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotic Cells - Answer -less complex -30 x times smaller than Eukaryotic Cells -they do not have organelles -small free living organisms External Parts of the Prokaryotic Cells - Answer Appendages and Glycocalyx Types of appendages found in the Prokaryotic Cells - Answer Flagella, Pili, Fimbriae Types of Glycocalyx - Answer capsule and slime layer Parts of the Cellular Envelope in the Prokaryotic Cell - Answer Outer membrane, cell wall, cell membrane Internal Structure of a Prokaryotic Cell - Answer Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Inclusions, Necleoid, Actin Cytoskeleton, Endospores Three parts of the Flagella - Answer filament, hook, basal Types of flagella - Answer monotrichous, lophotrichous, peritrichous Monotrichous - Answer single flagella Lophotrichous - Answer small tufts emerging from the same site

Peritrichous - Answer dispersed randomly over the structure of the cell How does the flagella move in a prokaryotic cell - Answer it rotates How does a flagella move in a eukaryotic cell - Answer it wags Chemotaxis - Answer movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimuli Phototaxis - Answer movement of an organism in response to light. Can move towards or away from the light. Glycocalyx - Answer is formed by many pathogenic bacteria and protects the bacteria from phagocytes phagocyte - Answer a cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other cells Cell Envelope - Answer -protects the bacteria -allows bacteria to be considered a cell -composed of two or three layers Three layers of a cell envelope - Answer -cell wall -cell membrane -in some bacteria the outer membrane Gram positive bacteria - Answer -has two layers (cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane) -physically harder to break -thick peptidoglycan cell membrane

-can be a pathogen (tuberculosis, leprosy) Gram Negative bacteria Cell membrane - Answer -very thick (5-10nm) -contains primarily phospholipids and proteins -provides a site for functions such as energy reactions, nutrient processing and synthesis -regulates transport Purpose of Bacterial Internal Structure - Answer to produce energy and protein Cell cytoplasm - Answer -gelatinous solution that keeps everything suspended -site for biochemical and synthetic activities -70% - %80 water -contains larger discrete cell masses(chromatin body, ribosomes granules, and actin strands) Bacterial Chromosome - Answer -single circular strand of DNA connected end to end -aggregated in a dense area of the cell-the nucleoid Plasmids - Answer -Small little pieces of DNA that can transfer from one bacteria to the next -double stranded circles of DNA -protective traits such as drug resistance or the production of toxins and enzymes Ribosomes - Answer -special RNA ribosomal rRNA -where translation takes place Inclusion bodies - Answer -non membrane bound granules -usually for storage Cytoskeleton - Answer -long ploymers of proteins known as actins

-arranged in the helical ribbons around the cell -contribute to cell shape Where is the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell found? - Answer in the nucleoid edospore formation - Answer -starts with depletion of nutrients -vegetative cells undergo a conversion to sporangium, they transfer into endospore. -first state can happen quickly (1 1/2 hours) -can survive for years as endospore -water and a specific agent breaks dormancy edospore medical significance - Answer -several bacterial pathogens -resist ordinary cleaning methods The different bacterial shapes - Answer Coccus (roughly spherical), Bacillus (rod shaped), spirillum (curviform or spiral-shaped) classification Systems in the Prokaryotae - Answer -how related each bacteria is to each other. -one of the original classification systems Archaea - Answer -non pathogenic -don't interact with humans -prokaryotic cells -many are found in extreme environments