GENETIC
ENGENEERING
LECTURE – 4
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Microbiology Techniques-Genetic Programming-Lecture Slides, Slides of Genetic Programming
This lecture was delivered by Tushar Jonnalagadda at AMET University for Genetic Programming. It includes: Microbiology, Techniques, Culture, Broth, Agar, Plate, Slant, Colony, Strain, Fastidious, Facultative
Typology: Slides
2011/2012
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GENETIC
ENGENEERING
LECTURE – 4
Microbiology
Techniques
DEFINITIONS
Agar plate-
round culture dish with semi-
solid nutrient media.
Slant
—tube with semi-solid media, with a
slanted surface.
Colony
- a circular area of limited bacterial
growth.
Pure colony
- a colony thought to contain only
the descendants of a single bacterium.
Strain
- a lineage of related bacteria having a
certain genetic make-up.
DEFINITIONS
Fastidious
- fussy. Bacteria that require
very strict nutrients.
Facultative
- able to live in various
conditions.
Obligate
- can only survive under
certain circumstances.
Aerobe
- bacteria that live on oxygen.
Anaerobe
- bacteria that are inhibited
by oxygen.
Media for culturing microorganisms
Growth media can be prepared in the form of:
- Liquid (broth)2. Gel (agar powder is added to broth prior to autoclaving).
Types of media:
- Chemically defined (synthetic)2.
Rich (complex)
Selective
Differential
Nutritional Requirements
Major elements: C, O, H, N, S, P.Found in larger molecules.
- K, Ca, Mg, and Fe found as ions.3. “Growth factors”—amino acids, purines
and pyrimidines, vitamins.
Parameters of Growth Media
- pH2. Oxygen3. CO24. Temperature5. Pressure
` 1. pH
A. pH = -log
10
[H
]
B. Is a measure of the [H
]
Individual microorganisms grow bestwithin a relatively narrow pH range:
A. Acidophiles:
Grow best in acidic conditions.
B. Neutrophiles:
Grow best at near neutral pH.
C. Alkalophiles:
Grow best above neutral pH.
What does “grow best” mean?
Outside of the optimal pH rangeMicrobial growth is inhibited due to
A. Denaturation of proteinsB. Disruption of the intracellular
proton gradient
How would you classify L. monocytogenes?
PURE CULTURE
Culture whichcontain only onestrain ofmicroorganisms.
MIXED CULTURE
Mixed culturescontain more thanone strain ofmicroorganism:
In
this example twodifferent speciesare present.
DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
Differential Media: Media that permitsgrowth of many types of organisms butyields an easily identifiable marker,such as color, to identify certainpopulations.
How to Grow an
Overnight Culture
How to Grow an Overnight Culture
Cap the tube and grow at 37C tosaturation (10 - 12 hr) in a shaker (100 –120 rpm).