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An overview of basic concepts in microscopy, including definitions of nanometer and micrometer, critical factors that influence the ability to see an object, the difference between resolution and contrast, and how to calculate total magnification. It also discusses the limitations of fixing a sample and the benefits of phase-contrast microscopy and dark field microscopy. Fluorescent microscopy is briefly mentioned as well.
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Nanometer ( definition) - answers 10-9 or one-billionth of a meter Micrometer (definition) - answers 10-6 or one-millionth of a meter 2 critical factors that influence your ability to see an object - answers Resolution and contrast Difference between resolution and contrast - answers resolution refers to the distance between two or more objects at which they can still be seen as separate. contrast is the difference in light absorbance between two or more objects. if you increase the light going into a microscope, what part would you adjust? - answers the iris diaphragm as light passes through a microscope, what is the last piece that light passes before reaching your eyes? - answers ocular lens (eyepiece) How is total magnification calculated? - answers Multiply the ocular lens (10x) by the objective lens one limitation to fixing a sample? - answers fixation requires you to kill your sample. this makes determining motility of a sample impossible. Fixation can also distort the specimen shape and arrangement The benefit of phase-contrast microscopy is that it: - answers it provides detailed image of live cells without staining Distinguishing Features of dark field microscopy - answers exceptionally dark background and vibrant specimen fluorescent microscopes illuminate samples through what spectrum? - answers ultraviolet sprectrum
TEM vs SEM - answers TEM - 2D SEM - 3D TEM - electron passes through the sample SEM - electron is reflected off the sample gram staining is based on what basic principle? - answers the basic observation that different types of bacteria react differently to various dyes. gram positive characteristics - answers purple color. thick peptidoglycan layer. gram negative characteristics - answers pink color. thin peptidoglycan layer. what is the purpose of heat fixing a sample? - answers heat fixing ensures that the sample tightly adheres to the glass slide prior to staining and washing procedures primary purpose of wet mount? - answers to visualize live cells as well as the motility and behavior of an organism acid fast stain is used to identify what? - answers bacteria that has a high degree of resistance to decolorization