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Question 1 Question: Which of the following best describes a microservice architecture? A. A single codebase running a single process B. A set of small, independently deployable services, each running in its own process [Correct] C. An architecture where all functionality is tightly coupled in one service D. A pattern where services share a single database Explanation: Microservices architecture is characterized by independently deployable services, each in its own process, thus promoting flexibility and scalability. Question 2 Question: What is a primary advantage of microservice architecture over monolithic architecture? A. Easier to deploy as a single unit
B. Higher coupling between components C. Improved scalability and independent deployment [Correct] D. Single point of failure Explanation: Microservices allow scaling and deploying parts of the system independently, which is not possible with monoliths. Question 3 Question: Which is NOT a typical challenge of microservices? A. Service coordination B. Inter-service communication C. Easy centralized data management [Correct] D. System complexity Explanation: Centralized data management is easier in monoliths, not in microservices, where data is decentralized. Question 4 Question: In what scenario is adopting microservices most beneficial?
Question 6 Question: Which is a key design principle in microservices? A. High coupling B. Single responsibility per service [Correct] C. Shared data storage D. Centralized logging only Explanation: Microservices should have single, focused responsibilities for better maintainability. Question 7 Question: How does domain-driven design (DDD) assist in microservice decomposition? A. By focusing on low-level implementation details B. By aligning service boundaries with business domains [Correct] C. By enforcing a single database D. By avoiding business logic separation
Explanation: DDD helps to identify meaningful service boundaries based on business domains. Question 8 Question: What does “service granularity” refer to in microservices? A. The size and scope of each microservice [Correct] B. The amount of data in each database C. The number of endpoints per API D. The frequency of deployments Explanation: Service granularity is about finding the right size and scope for each microservice. Question 9 Question: Which approach is recommended for managing data in microservices? A. Shared database for all services B. Database per service pattern [Correct]
microservices? A. REST API call B. gRPC call C. Message queue using RabbitMQ [Correct] D. Direct database access Explanation: RabbitMQ is a popular message broker for asynchronous communication. Question 12 Question: What is the primary role of an API Gateway in microservices? A. Storing data B. Managing external access, load balancing, and aggregation of responses [Correct] C. Running business logic D. Providing database backups Explanation: API Gateways manage external requests, security, and aggregate responses.
Question 13 Question: How do microservices discover each other in dynamic environments? A. Hardcoded IP addresses B. Service discovery mechanisms like Eureka or Consul [Correct] C. Static configuration files D. Manual updates Explanation: Service discovery tools manage dynamic service registration and lookup. Question 14 Question: What is a benefit of event-driven architecture in microservices? A. Tight coupling B. Decoupling of services and improved scalability [Correct] C. Synchronous dependencies D. Centralized error handling
C. GitHub Actions D. Jenkins Explanation: Event-driven tools like Kafka enable decentralized service choreography. Question 17 Question: What is a key aspect of the “database per service” pattern? A. Each service manages its own data and schema [Correct] B. All services share the same database C. Single schema for all services D. No data storage Explanation: Isolating data per service reduces coupling and risk. Question 18 Question: What is event sourcing in microservices? A. Capturing all changes to application state as an immutable sequence of events [Correct]
B. Storing only the latest state in the database C. Using a shared log file D. Polling for state changes Explanation: Event sourcing records each change as a discrete event, supporting audit and replay. Question 19 Question: What does CQRS stand for in microservices? A. Common Query and Reporting Service B. Command Query Responsibility Segregation [Correct] C. Centralized Quality and Reliability System D. Containerized Query Response Explanation: CQRS separates read and write operations for better scalability and performance. Question 20 Question: Which pattern helps manage consistency in distributed
Question 22 Question: Which approach helps synchronize data across distributed microservices? A. Replication protocols [Correct] B. Manual data copying C. Synchronous calls only D. Disabling caching Explanation: Replication protocols ensure consistency and availability across services. Question 23 Question: What is a common security challenge in microservices? A. Single point of failure B. Managing service authentication and authorization [Correct] C. Too few endpoints D. Lack of scalability Explanation: Distributed services require robust authentication and authorization mechanisms.
Question 24 Question: Which protocol is commonly used for service authentication in microservices? A. FTP B. OAuth 2.0 [Correct] C. SMTP D. SNMP Explanation: OAuth 2.0 is widely used for secure, token-based authentication. Question 25 Question: What is the purpose of JSON Web Tokens (JWT) in microservices security? A. Encrypting databases B. Securely transmitting claims between services [Correct] C. Configuring firewalls
C. Logging metrics D. Scaling services Explanation: Mutual TLS ensures encrypted, authenticated communication between services. Question 28 Question: What is a best practice for secure deployment pipelines in microservices? A. Allowing direct SSH access to containers B. Implementing vulnerability scanning and automated security checks [Correct] C. Sharing credentials in code D. Disabling SSL Explanation: Automated security checks and scanning improve deployment pipeline security.
Question 29 Question: Which deployment strategy allows instant rollback by switching traffic between environments? A. Blue-green deployment [Correct] B. Recreate strategy C. Manual patching D. Incremental deployment Explanation: Blue-green deployment uses two environments to enable quick rollbacks. Question 30 Question: What is the main benefit of a rolling update deployment in microservices? A. Downtime during deployments B. Deploying all instances at once C. Gradually updating services with minimal downtime [Correct] D. Forcing users to log out
C. By writing code for services D. By serving static files Explanation: Kubernetes manages containerized services at scale efficiently. Question 33 Question: What is horizontal scaling in microservices? A. Increasing the size of a single server B. Adding more instances of a service to handle load [Correct] C. Reducing the number of endpoints D. Using faster disks Explanation: Horizontal scaling adds more service instances, distributing the load. Question 34 Question: Which stack is commonly used for centralized logging in microservices? A. ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) [Correct]
B. LAMP Stack C. MEAN Stack D. XAMPP Stack Explanation: ELK Stack is popular for collecting and visualizing logs across services. Question 35 Question: What is distributed tracing in microservices? A. Tracing code execution in a single service B. Tracking requests as they pass through multiple services [Correct] C. Only logging errors D. Monitoring only the database Explanation: Distributed tracing follows requests across service boundaries, helping debug latency and failures. Question 36 Question: Which tool is NOT used for distributed tracing?
