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Cytology involves...
Mitochondria
TERM 2
Histology
DEFINITION 2
Microscopic Anatomy
TERM 3
Transverse Section/Plane
DEFINITION 3
Cross Section
TERM 4
Chondrology
DEFINITION 4
Study of cartilage
TERM 5
Anthrology
DEFINITION 5
Study of joints and ligaments
Myology
Study of skeletal muscles
TERM 7
Pulmology
DEFINITION 7
Study of lungs and airways
TERM 8
Andrology
DEFINITION 8
Study of male reproductive and genital systems
TERM 9
Angiology
DEFINITION 9
Study of circulatory system
TERM 10
Ipsilateral means
DEFINITION 10
Same side
Dorsiflexion vs Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion: walking on heelsPlantarflexion: pointing toes
TERM 12
Elevation vs Depression
DEFINITION 12
Elevation: lifting upDepression: pulling down
TERM 13
Inversion vs Eversion of
foot
DEFINITION 13
Inversion: plantar surface directed mediallyEversion: plantar
surface directed laterally
TERM 14
Opposition
DEFINITION 14
Touching thumb to the 5th digit
TERM 15
SCALP Stands for
DEFINITION 15
SkinConnective tissueAponeurosisLoose connective
tissuePericranium
What 2 muscles does the scalp aponeurosis
connect?
FrontalisOccipitalis
TERM 17
What n innervates the scalp?
DEFINITION 17
Trigeminal (V1, V2, & V3)
TERM 18
What n innervates most of the anterior
face?
DEFINITION 18
Trigemial (V1, V2, & V3)
TERM 19
What type of nn innervate the anterior and
posterior neck?
DEFINITION 19
Spinal nn
Ventral rami - anterior neck
Dorsal rami - posterior neck
TERM 20
What a brings blood to most of the face?
**What is the 1 exception?
DEFINITION 20
External carotid a*Internal carotid a (opthalmic branch)
brings blood to the medial eye
When is a scalp injury more dangerous?
When it goes below the aponeurosis
TERM 22
What 3 aa supply the dura & what do they
branch from?
DEFINITION 22
Anterior meningeal a - from internal carotid aMiddle
meningeal a - **from external carotid aPosterior meningeal a
- from internal carotid a
TERM 23
What is middle meningeal a an exception cf
anterior & posterior?
DEFINITION 23
It usually supplies external structures because it branches
from external carotid a, but it is supplying an internal
structure here.
TERM 24
2 Layers of Dura
DEFINITION 24
PeriostealMeningeal
TERM 25
Fxn of Periosteal vs Meningeal Dura
DEFINITION 25
Periosteal: anchors meningeal dura to the boneMeningeal:
anchors brain to itself
Dural fold that stretches across Sella Turcica
& attaches to ant. & post. clinoid processes
Diaphragma Sellae (saddle diaphragm)
TERM 27
Dural venous sinuses drain superficial, deep,
or both structures?
DEFINITION 27
Both
TERM 28
How is blood drained from the exception
(medial nose)?
DEFINITION 28
Opthalmic v -> cavernous sinus -> petrosal sinus (sup ->
transverse/sigmoid junction -> internal jugular v) (inf ->
internal jugular v)
TERM 29
Blood drainage from middle & deep brain
structures
DEFINITION 29
Inferior saggital sinus -> straight sinus -> confluens ->
transverse -> sigmoid -> internal jugular v
TERM 30
What lv of structures do emissary vv drain?
Where does the blood go?
DEFINITION 30
Superficial structures (superficial to skull bone)Blood goes
into superior saggital sinus (*infection danger)
Where are emissary vv located in relation to
the aponeurosis & skull?
Deep to the aponeurosis superficial to
skullaponeurosisemissary vskull
TERM 32
What produces CSF?
DEFINITION 32
Choroid Plexus
TERM 33
Flow of CSF from lateral ventricles to blood
DEFINITION 33
Lat. ventricles -> interventricular foramen of Monro -> 3rd
ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct of sylvius -> 4th ventricle -
>1&2: lateral foramen of Luschka3: Median aperture of 4th
ventricle (Foramen of Magendie)-> subarachnoid space ->
arachnoid granulations -> superior saggital sinus
TERM 34
Epidural Hematoma: What v or a?
Location?
DEFINITION 34
Middle meningeal aBtw skull & periosteal dura
TERM 35
Subdural Hematoma: What v or a?
Location?
DEFINITION 35
Emissary, diploic, & *bridging vvBtw dura and arachnoid
mater-Shaken baby syndrom
Subarachnoid Hematoma: V or a? Location?
AA (cerebral)Btw arachnoid & piaBlood enters CSF
TERM 37
Which of the 3 hematomas is most lethal?
DEFINITION 37
Subdural Hematoma (harder to fix vv cf aa)
TERM 38
What are clinical signs of a subarachnoid
hematoma? (2)
DEFINITION 38
Thunderclap headacheStroke/aneurysm
TERM 39
Location: Emissary, Diploic, & Bridging
vv
DEFINITION 39
Emissary: superficial to boneDiploic: in boneBridging: btw
superficial vv (on brain) & superior saggital sinus
TERM 40
The DRG is part of CNS or PNS?
DEFINITION 40
CSN
When does a n become PNS?
Distal to intervertebral foramen
TERM 42
Where is a sensory receptor located? Where
does it synapse?
DEFINITION 42
Sensory receptor in peripherySynapses in dorsal horn
TERM 43
Where is a motor neuron cell body located?
Where does it synapse?
DEFINITION 43
Ventral hornSynapses on muscle
TERM 44
Motor & Sensory: Afferent and
Efferent
DEFINITION 44
Sensory AfferentMotor Efferent
TERM 45
What is somatic sensation?
DEFINITION 45
Sensory afferents w/ cell bodies in the DRG and receptors in
the periphery.
2 types of motor efferents
ANS & Somatic nervous system (voluntary skeletal m)
TERM 47
2 Divisions of the ANS. Is this voluntary or
involuntary m?
DEFINITION 47
SympatheticParasympatheticInvoluntary m
TERM 48
What substance is the pineal gland known for
producing?
DEFINITION 48
Melatonin
TERM 49
Fxn of Midbrain, Pons, &
Medulla
DEFINITION 49
Midbrain: coordinating motor mvts (Parkinsons)Pons:
connecting hemispheres of brain for mvt
coordinationMedulla: HR, Respiration
TERM 50
Covering over Sella Turcica
DEFINITION 50
Diaphragma Sellae
Central Sulcus divides what 2 lobes of the
brain?
Frontal and Parietal
TERM 52
Brocas Aphasia vs Wernicke's
Aphasia
DEFINITION 52
Brocas: can comprehend lang, but can't produce (tongue is
broke)Wernicke's: can't comprehend lang or produce
meaningful sentences, but can speak words
TERM 53
Fxn of
thalamus
DEFINITION 53
Relay system for motor and sensory info
TERM 54
Fxn of Hypothalamus
DEFINITION 54
Thirst, hunger, sex drive, etc
TERM 55
Epithalamus aka
DEFINITION 55
PIneal Gland
Where is the reticular formation located?
Throughout brainstem
TERM 57
Fxn of reticular formation
DEFINITION 57
Startle factorTuning out stimulation with sleep
TERM 58
What portion(s) of the brain does the Internal
Carotid a supply?
DEFINITION 58
Anterior and Middle brain
TERM 59
What portion(s) of the brian do the vertebral
aa supply?
DEFINITION 59
Posterior brain
TERM 60
Where are strokes common in the arterial
circle of the brain?
DEFINITION 60
Middle Cerebral aa-Affects frontal and parietal lobes
Where are aneurysms common in the arterial
circle of the brain?
Anterior and Posterior Communicating aa-thin and weak
TERM 62
Through what holes do the vertebral aa
ascend to get to the brain? (2)
DEFINITION 62
Transverse Foramen of cervical vertebrae
Foramen Magnum
TERM 63
Through what structures does the internal
carotid a ascend to get to the brain? (3)
DEFINITION 63
Carotid Canal -> Foramen Lacerum -> Cavernos Sinus
(Carotid Siphon)
TERM 64
What are some clinical issues that can occur
at the tentorial notch btw Optic n., Ant. Com.
a., and opthalmic a.?
DEFINITION 64
Inflammation of Optic n can impinge on opthalmic a. and
cause a bloodshot eyeAneurysm in ant. comm. a. can
impinge on Optic n and cause blindness
TERM 65
**What are the 5 things that exist in the
cavernous sinus?
DEFINITION 65
CN III
CN IV
CN V1 (opthalmic n) & V2 (V3 protected by bone)
Internal Carotid a (Carotid Siphon) (branches to opthalmic
a)
Venous blood
**Where do spinal nn exit the CNS in relation
to their corresponding vertebral lvs?
Cervical: exit ABOVE their corresponding vertebral lvThoracic
and Lumbar: exit BELOW their corresponding vertebral lv
TERM 67
At what Vertebral level does the spinal cord
terminate?
DEFINITION 67
Around L
